共用题干
ADHD Linked to Air Pollutants
Children have an increased of attention problems,seen as early as grade school,if their no-ses inhaled（吸入）a certain type of air pollution when they were pregnant. That's the finding of a new study.Released when things aren't burned completely,this pollution is known as polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons,or PAHs.The biggest sources of these PAHs:the burning of fossil fuels, wood and trash.
Frederica Perera works at Columbia University's Mailman School of Public Health in New York City.She researches how exposure to things in the environment affects children's health.In a new study,she and her team studied the exposure to air pollution of 233 nonsmoking pregnant women in New York City. Because burning tobacco can spew（排放）PAHs into the air and lungs, Perera's team focused on nonsmokers. The researchers wanted to probe（探查）other sources of PAHs,ones that's would have been hard for an individual to avoid．
The team started by testing the blood of each woman during pregnancy.The reason:Any PAHs in a woman's blood would also be available to the baby in her womb.Nine years later,the researchers investigated signs of attention problems in those children,now age 9 .They asked each child's mother a series of questions.These included whatever her child had problems doing things that needed sustained（长期的）mental effort, such as homework or games with friends. The sci-entists also asked if the kids had trouble following instructions or made frequent,careless mis-takes .All of these can be symptoms of a disorder called Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder, or ADHD.About one in U.S.children has ADHD.
Among the women studied,traffic and home heating were the primary sources of air pollution exposure,Perera and her team suspect. Some of these women had low levels of PAHs in their blood .Others had high levels.Those with high levels were five times as likely to have children who showed attention problems by age 9 .The new findings were published November 5 in the journal PLOS ONE.
The main purpose of the research was to find out how exposure to PAHs played a role in har-ming the subjects' physical health.
A:Right
B: Wrong
C:Not mentioned

Her speciality is heart surgery.
A:region
B:site
C:field
D:platform

共用题干
第二篇
Therapeutic Touch
A nine-year-old schoolgirl single-handedly cooks up a science-fair equipment that ends up debunking a widely practiced medical treatment.Emily Rosa's target was a practice known as therapeutic touch(TF for short),whose advocates manipulate patients'"energy field"to make them feel better and even,say some,to cure them of various ills.Yet Emily's test shows that these energy fields can't be detected,even by trained TT practitioners.Obviously mindful of the publicity value of the situation,Journal editor George Lundberg appeared on TV to declare,"Age doesn't matter. It's good science that matters,and this is good science."
Emily's mother Linda Rosa,a registered nurse,has been campaigning against TT for nearly a decade.Linda first thought about TT in the late 80s,when she learned it was on the approval list for continuing nursing deduction in Colorado.Its 100,000 trained practitioners(48,000 in the U.S.)don't even touch their patients.Instead they waved their hands a few inches from the patient's body, pushing energy fields around until they are in"balance"．竹advocates say these manipulations can help heal wounds,relative pain and reduce fever. The claims are taken seriously enough that竹 therapists are frequently hired by leading hospitals,at up to $70 an hour,to smooth patients' energy,sometimes during surgery.
Yet Rosa cold not find any evidence that it works.To provide such proof,TT therapists would have to sit down for independent testing一something they haven't been eager to do,even though James Randi has offered more than $1 million to anyone who can demonstrate the existence of a human energy field.(He has had one taker so far. She failed.)A skeptic might conclude that TT practitioners are afraid to lay their beliefs on the line.But who could turn down an innocent forth-grader? Says Emily:"I think they didn't take me very seriously because I am a kid."
The experiment was straightforward;21 Ti' therapists stuck their hands,palms up,through a screen.Emily held her own hand over one of their left or right一and the practitioners had to say which hand it was.When the results were recorded,they had done no better than they would have by simply guessing. If there was an energy field,they wouldn't feel it.
Very few TT practitioners responded to the $1 million offer because______.
A:they didn't take the offer seriously
B:they didn't want to risk their career
C:they were unwilling to reveal their secret
D:they thought it was not in line with their practice

共用题干
Climate Change Poses Major Risks for Unprepared Cities
A new examination of urban policies has been carried out recently by Patricia Romero Lankao. She is a so-
ciologist specializing in climate change and_____________(51) development. She warns that many of the world'5
fast-growing urban areas,especially in developing countries,will likely suffer from the_____________(52)of
changing climate. Her work also concludes that most cities are failing to_____________(53)emissions of carbon
dioxide and other greenhouse gases. These gases are known to affect the atmosphere.
"Climate change is a deeply local issue and poses profound_____________ (54) to the growing cities of the
world,"says Romero Lankao. "But too few cities are developing effective strategies to protect their residents."
Cities are_____________(55)sources of greenhouse gases.And urban populations are likely to be among
those most severely affected by future climate change.Lankao's findings highlight ways in which city-resi-
dents are particularly vulnerable,and suggest policy interventions that could offer immediate and longer-term
____________ (56).
The locations and dense construction patterns of cities often place their populations at greater
_____________(57)for natural disasters.Potential threats associated with climate include storm surges and pro-
longed hot weather. Storm surges can flood coastal areas and prolonged hot weather can heat_____________(58)
paved cities more than surrounding areas. The impacts of such natural events can be more_____________(59)in
an urban environment. For example,a prolonged heat wave can increase existing levels of air pollution,causing
widespread health problems.Poorer neighborhoods that may_____________(60)basic facilities such as drinking
water or a dependable network of roads,are especially vulnerable to natural disasters.Many residents in
poorer countries live in substandard housing_____________(61)access to reliable drinking water,roads and
basic services.
Local governments,therefore,should take measures to_____________(62)their residents."Unfortunately,
they tend to move towards rhetoric_____________(63)meaningful responses,"Romero Lankao writes,"They don't
impose construction standards that could reduce heating and air conditioning_____________(64).They don't em-
phasize mass transit and reduce automobile use.In fact,many local governments are taking a hands-off ap-
proach."_____________(65),she urges them to change their idle policies and to take strong steps to prevent
the harmful effects of climate change on cities.
_________(54)
A:threats
B:interests
C:implications
D:differences

A peculiarly pointed chin is his most memorable facial characteristic.
A:mark
B:feature
C:trace
D:appearance

_____
　　
A.For example, the people in men's dreams are often other men, and the dreams often involve fighting.
　　B.Men and women dream about different things.
　　C.A criminal, for example, might dream about crime.
　　D.However, one thing they agree on this: If you dream that something terrible is going to occur, you shouldn't panic.
　　E.It was only in the twentieth century that people started to study dreams in a scientific way.
　　F.He thought people could learn more about themselves by thinking about their dreams.