共用题干
Climate Change Poses Major Risks for Unprepared Cities
A new examination of urban policies has been carried out recently by Patricia Romero Lankao. She is a so-
ciologist specializing in climate change and_____________(51) development. She warns that many of the world'5
fast-growing urban areas,especially in developing countries,will likely suffer from the_____________(52)of
changing climate. Her work also concludes that most cities are failing to_____________(53)emissions of carbon
dioxide and other greenhouse gases. These gases are known to affect the atmosphere.
"Climate change is a deeply local issue and poses profound_____________ (54) to the growing cities of the
world,"says Romero Lankao. "But too few cities are developing effective strategies to protect their residents."
Cities are_____________(55)sources of greenhouse gases.And urban populations are likely to be among
those most severely affected by future climate change.Lankao's findings highlight ways in which city-resi-
dents are particularly vulnerable,and suggest policy interventions that could offer immediate and longer-term
____________ (56).
The locations and dense construction patterns of cities often place their populations at greater
_____________(57)for natural disasters.Potential threats associated with climate include storm surges and pro-
longed hot weather. Storm surges can flood coastal areas and prolonged hot weather can heat_____________(58)
paved cities more than surrounding areas. The impacts of such natural events can be more_____________(59)in
an urban environment. For example,a prolonged heat wave can increase existing levels of air pollution,causing
widespread health problems.Poorer neighborhoods that may_____________(60)basic facilities such as drinking
water or a dependable network of roads,are especially vulnerable to natural disasters.Many residents in
poorer countries live in substandard housing_____________(61)access to reliable drinking water,roads and
basic services.
Local governments,therefore,should take measures to_____________(62)their residents."Unfortunately,
they tend to move towards rhetoric_____________(63)meaningful responses,"Romero Lankao writes,"They don't
impose construction standards that could reduce heating and air conditioning_____________(64).They don't em-
phasize mass transit and reduce automobile use.In fact,many local governments are taking a hands-off ap-
proach."_____________(65),she urges them to change their idle policies and to take strong steps to prevent
the harmful effects of climate change on cities.
_________(54)
A:threats
B:interests
C:implications
D:differences

The walls are made of hollow concrete blocks.
A:empty
B:big
C:long
D:new

共用题干
第一篇
Putting Plants to Work
Using the power of the sun is nothing new.People have had solar-powered calculators and buildings with
solar panels（太阳能电池板）for decades. But plants are the real experts. They' ve been using sunlight as an
energy source for billions of years.
Cells in the green leaves of plants work like tiny factories to convert sunlight, carbon dioxide（二氧化
碳）,and water into sugars
and starche（淀粉）,stored energy that the piants can use. This conversion
process is called photosynthesis (光合作用）Unfortunately, unless you' re a plant, it's difficult and
expensive to convert sunlight into storable energy. That's why scientists are taking a closer look at exactly
how plants do it.
Some scientists are trying to get plants,or biological cells that act like plants, to work as very small
photosynthesic power stations. For example, Maria Ghirardi of the National Renewable Energy Laboratory in
Golden. Cobo.,is working with green algae（水藻）.She's trying to trick them into producing hydrogen
instead of sugars when they perform photosynthesis. Once the researchers can get the algae working efficient-
ly ,the hydrogen that they produce could be used to power fuel cells in cars or to generate electricity.
The algae are grown in narrow-necked glass bottles to produce hydrogen in the lab. During photosynthe-
sis , plants normally make sugars or strchds. "But under certain conditions,a lot of algae are able to use the
sunlight energy not to store starch , but to make hydrogen."Ghirardi says. For example ,algae will produce hy-
drogen in an airfree environment. It' s the oxygen in the air that prevents algae from making hydrogen most of
the time.
Working in an airfree environment, however, is difficult. It's not a practical way to produce cheap
energy. But Ghirardi and her colleagues have discovered that by removing a chemical called sulfate（硫酸盐）
from the environment that the algae grow in, they will make hydrogen instead of sugars,even when air
is present.
Unfortunately, removing the sulfate also makes the algae's cells work very slowly,and not much
hydrogen is produced. Still ,the researchers see this as a first step in their goal to produce hydrogen efficiently
from algae. With more work,they may be able to speed the cells' activity and produce larger quantities
of hydrogen.
The researchers hope that algae will one day be an easy-to-use fuel source. The organisms are cheap to
get and to feed, Ghirardi says,and they can grow almost anywhere:"You can grow them in a reactor, in a
pond. You can grow them in the ocean. There's a lot of flexibility in how you can use these organisms."
Scientists study how photosynthesis works because they want to_______________.
A: improve the efficiency of it
B: turn plant sugars to a new form of energy
C: get more sugars and starches from plants
D: make green plants a new source of energy

We had only a vague description of the attacker.
A:concise
B:imprecise
C:unpolished
D:elementary

共用题干
Electronic Mail
During the past few years,scientists all over the world have suddenly found themselves pro-ductively engaged in task they once spent their lives avoiding—writing,any kind of writing,but particularly letter writing. Encouraged by electronic mail's surprisingly high speed,convenience and economy,people who never before touched the stuff are regularly,skillfully,even cheerfully tapping out a great deal of correspondence.
Electronic networks,woven into the fabric of scientific communication these days,are the route to colleagues in distant countries,shared data,bulletin boards and electronic journals.Any-one with a personal computer,a modern and the software to link computers over telephone lines can sign on.An estimated five million scientists have done so with more joining every day,most of them communicating through a bundle of interconnected domestic and foreign routes known col-lectively as the Internet,or net.
E-mail is starting to edge out the fax,the telephone,overnight mail,and of course,land mail.It shrinks time and distance between scientific collaborators,in part because it is conven-iently asynchronous（异步的）( Writer can type while their colleagues across time zones sleep; their message will be waiting.).If it is not yet speeding discoveries,it is certainly accelerating communication.
Jeremy Bernstein,the physicist and science writer,once called E-mail the physicist's umbili-cal cord（脐带）.Later other people,too,have been discovering its connective virtues. Physi-cists are using it;college students are using it;everybody is using it;and as a sign that it has come of age,the New Yorker has celebrated its liberating presence with a cartoon—an apprecia-tive dog seated at a keyboard,saying happily,“on the Internet,nobody knows you're a dog.”
Why is a dog sitting before a computer keyboard in a cartoon published by New Yorkers?
A: Even dogs are interested in the computer.
B: E-mail has become very popular.
C: Dogs are liberated from their usual duties.
D: E-mai deprives dogs of their owners' love.

The river widens considerably as it begins to turn west.
A:extends
B:stretches
C:broadens
D:bends

付款人在进行付款时无（）

A.形式审查义务

B.实质审查义务

C.附带审查义务

D.票据外有关事项的审查义务

根据《公司法》的规定,有限责任公司下列人员中,可以提议召开股东会临时会议的是()。
A.总经理B.人数过半数的股东C.监事会主席D.人数为半数的董事

关于股份有限公司中的监事会，下列说法错误的是()

A.监事会负责提议聘请或更换外部审计机构B.监事会主席和副主席由全体监事过半数选举产生C.监事会中的职工代表的比例不得低于三分之一D.监事会应至少每6个月召开一次会议

三北精神的科学内涵

阿里巴巴提供了“企业名称认证”“企业身份认证”不同种类的认证,可以根据自身的