心室扩大早期，泵血功能减退时，宜选用的评定指标是
美国心理学家赫洛克对奖励与惩罚效果进行了实验研究，他将被试分成了四个等组，分别为控制组、受表扬组、受训斥组和受忽视组。实验结果表明，学习效果最好和最差的分别是()。
When I was about 12 1 had an enemy,a girl who liked to point out my shortcomings．Week by week her list grew:I was skinny,I wasn't a good student,I was boyish,I talked too loud,and so on．I put up with her as long as I could．At last,with great anger,I ran to my father in tears.He listened to my outburst quietly．Then he asked,"Are the things she says true or not?"True?I wanted to know how to strike back．What did truth have to do with it?"Mary,didn't you ever wonder what you are really like?Well,you now have that girl's opinion．Go and make a list of everything she said and mark the points that are true．Pay no attention to the other things she said."I did as he directed and discovered to my surprise that about half the things were true．Some of them I couldn't change(like being skinny),but a good number I could and suddenly wanted to change．For the first time in my life I got a fairly clear picture of myself.I brought the list back to Daddy．He refused to take it."That's just for you,"he said．"You know better than anybody else the truth about yourself,once you hear it．But you've got to learn to listen,not to close your ears in anger or hurt．When something said about you is true you'll know it．You'll find that it will echo inside you."Daddy's advice has returned to me at many important moments．What did the girl's enemy like to do?
公关策划的要素包括()