1. Translate the following paragraph into Chinese (5 marks) A huge fire that engulfed an ancient Tibetan town in Shangri-la, Yunnan province, on Saturday has caused experts to call for heightened fire safety in historic locations across the country. The fire started early on Saturday morning and lasted about 12 hours, destroying 242 houses in the old Tibetan town of Dukezong in Shangri-la, capital of the Diqing Tibet autonomous prefecture. Dukezong town is the largest and best-preserved Tibetan community in all of China’s Tibetan areas. It was also a key stop on the Ancient Tea-Horse Caravan Route and a focal point for Han-Tibetan exchanges.
It’s hard to memorize through brute force the groceries we need to buy.
Mankind’s fascination with gold is as old as civilization itself. The ancient Egyptians esteemed gold, which had religious __21__ to them, and King Tutankhamen was buried in a solid gold coffin 3,300 years ago. The wandering Israelites __22__ a golden calf, and the legendary King Midas asked that everything he touched __23__ into gold.
__24__ only is gold beautiful, but it’s __25__ indestructible. It will not rust or corrode; gold coins and products __26__ from the metal have survived undamaged for centuries. Gold is extremely easy to __27__; one ounce, which is about the size of a cube of sugar, can be beaten into a sheet nearly 100 square feet in size, and becomes so thin that light pass through it. An ounce of gold can also be __28__ into a wire 50 miles long. Gold __29__ electricity better than any other __30__ except copper and silver, and it is particularly important in the modern electronics industry.
People have always longed to __31__ gold. Unfortunately, this longing has also __32__ the worst in the human character. The Spanish conquerors of the 16th century robbed palaces, __33__, and graves, and killed thousands of Indians in their __34__ search for gold. Often the only rule in young California during the days of the gold rush was exercised by the mob with a rope. Even today, the economic running of South Africa’s gold mines depends largely on the employment of black laborers who are paid about 40 pounds a month, plus room and board, and who must work in conditions that can only be __35__ as cruel.
__36__, the desire to keep gold at home has been primarily an occupation of the working and peasant classes, who have no __37__ in paper money. George Bernard Shaw __38__ their instincts eloquently: “You have to choose between trusting to the natural stability of gold and the natural stability of the __39__ and intelligence of the members of the government.” He said, “and with due respect to these gentlemen, I advise you to __40__ for gold.”
A.significance B.capability C.conception D.qualification问题2： A.bred B.grazed C.prayed D.worshiped问题3： A.turned B.was turned C.be turned D.to be turned问题4： A.It B.If C.Even D.Not问题5： A.apparently B.positively C.virtually D.actually问题6： A.manufacturing B.manufactured C.fabricating D.fabricated问题7： A.hand down B.work with C.wear out D.pay off问题8： A.expanded B.amplified C.stretched D.prolonged问题9： A.conveys B.conducts C.handles D.transports问题10： A.substance B.component C.essence D.ingredient问题11： A.possess B.preserve C.explore D.rob问题12： A.backed up B.pulled out C.brought out D.amounted to问题13： A.churches B.temples C.nurseries D.cathedrals问题14： A.ruthless B.merciful C.aggressive D.maximal问题15： A.considered B.described C.illustrated D.characterized问题16： A.Vertically B.Horizontally C.Chronologically D.Historically问题17： A.royalty B.faith C.fidelity D.credit问题18： A.defended B.criticized C.commented D.narrated问题19： A.honesty B.delicacy C.capability D.confidence问题20： A.select B.choose C.elect D.voteThe predictability of our mortality rates is something that has long puzzled social scientists. After all, there is no natural reason why 2,500 people should accidentally shoot themselves each year or why 7,000 should drown or 55,000 die in their cars. No one establishes a quota for each type of death. It just happens that they follow a consistent pattern year after year.A few years ago a Canadian psychologist named Gerald Wilde became interested in this phenomenon. He noticed that mortality rates for violent and accidental deaths throughout the Western world have remained oddly static throughout the whole of the century, despite all the technological advances and increases in safety standards that have happened in that time. Wilde developed an intriguing theory called “risk homeostasis”. According to this theory, people instinctively live with a certain level of risk. When something is made safer, people will get around the measure in some way to reassert the original level of danger. If, for instance, they are required to wear seat belts, they will feel safer and thus will drive a little faster and a little more recklessly, thereby statistically canceling out the benefits that the seat belt confers. Other studies have shown that where an intersection is made safer, the accident rate invariably falls there but rises to a compensating level elsewhere along the same stretch of road. It appears, then, that we have an innate need for danger.In all events, it is becoming clearer and clearer to scientists that the factors influencing our lifespan are far more subtle and complex than had been previously thought. It now appears that if you wish to live a long life, it isn’t simply a matter of adhering to certain precautions: eating the right foods, not smoking, driving with care. You must also have the right attitude. Scientists at the Duke University Medical Center made a 15-year study of 500 persons’ personalities and found, somewhat to their surprise, that people with a suspicious or mistrustful nature die prematurely far more often than people with a sunny disposition. Looking on the bright side, it seems, can add years to your life span.1. What social scientists have long felt puzzled about is why ______.
2. In his research, Gerald Wilde finds that technological advances and increases in safety standards ______.
3. According to the theory of “risk homeostasis”, some traffic accidents result from _______.
4. By saying “...statistically canceling out the benefits that the seat belt confers” (Para. 2), the author means ______.
5. Which of the following may contribute to a longer life span?
A.the mortality rate can not be predicted B.the death toll remained stable year after year C.a quota for each type of death has not come into being D.people lost their lives every year for this or that reason问题2： A.have helped solve the problem of so high death rate B.have oddly accounted for mortality rates in the past century C.have reduced mortality rates for violent and accidental deaths D.have achieved no effect in bringing down the number of deaths问题3： A.our innate desire for risk B.our fast and reckless driving C.our ignorance of seat belt benefits D.our instinctive interest in speeding问题4： A.wearing seat belts does not have any benefits from the statistic point of view B.deaths from wearing seat belts are the same as those from not wearing them C.deaths from other reasons counterbalance the benefits of wearing seat belts D.wearing seat belts does not necessarily reduce deaths from traffic accidents问题5： A.Showing adequate trust instead of suspicion of others. B.Eating the food low in fat and driving with great care. C.Cultivating an optimistic personality and never losing heart. D.Looking on the bright side and developing a balanced level of risk.___ for your help, I could not have accomplished the dissertation.
Immigrants entering the United States at the turn of the century often encountered living conditions radically different from those they had left behind.