Part B (10 points)

You are going to read a text about Gold-Medal Workouts, followed by a list of examples. Choose the best example from the list A—F for each numbered subheading (41—45). There is one extra example which you do not need to use.

Drawing on biomechanics and other sports science, Olympic hopefuls target just the right muscles and moves. Olympians of yesteryear shared the same goal, but they would hardly recognize today's training techniques. To achieve to Olympian ideal of "faster, higher, stronger," coaches now realize, athletes don't have to train more but they do have to train smarter. That's why, these days, cross-country (Nordic) skiers kneel on skateboards and tug on pulleys to haul themselves up a ramp.

By analyzing every motion that goes into a ski jump or a luge run, the science of biomechanics breaks down events into their component parts and determines which movements of which muscles are the key to a superlative performance. Knowing that is crucial for a simple hut, to many coaches and trainers, unexpected reason: it turns out that although training for general conditioning improves fitness, the best way to boost performance is by working the muscles and practicing the moves that will be used in competition. It's called sport-specific training.

(41) Ways to work the right muscles and train the right patterns of movement.

Sport-specific training doesn't have to mean running the actual course or performing the exact event. There are other ways to work the right muscles and train the right pattern of movement. Doing situps on a Swiss ball, for instance, develops torso control as well as strength. The Finnish ice-hockey team recently added acrobatics to its training regime because it helps players to balance on the ice, says head coach Raimo Summanen.

Performance-enhancing strategies.

The advances in physiology that have revolutionized training are giving sports scientists a better under-standing of how to improve strength, power, speed and both aerobic and anaerobic fitness:

(42) Training the start-up.

Speed is partly genetic. A star sprinter is probably born with a preponderance of fast twitch muscle fibers, which fire repeatedly with only microsecond rests in between. Speed training therefore aims to recruit more fast-twitch fibers and increase the speed of nerve signals that command muscles to move.

(43) Strength reflects the percentage of muscle fibers the body can recruit for a given movement.

"Someone with pure strength can recruit 90 percent of these fibers, while someone else recruits only 50 percent", says the USOC's Davis.

(44) Developing anaerobic fitness.

Anaerobic fitness keeps the muscles moving even when the heart can't provide enough oxygen. To postpone the point when acid begins to accumulate, or at least train the body to tolerate it, Jim Walker has the speed skaters he works with push themselves beyond what they need to do in competition.

Power is strength with speed.

"One of the biggest changes in strength training is that we're getting away from pure strength and emphasizing power, or explosive strength," says USOC strength-and- conditioning coordinator Kevin Ebel.

(45) Difficulties under way.

It's still difficult to persuade coaches to let sports scientists mess with their athletes.

To overcome such resistance, the USOC's Peter Davis has set up "performance-enhancing teams" where coaches and scientists put their heads together and apply the best science to training. Come February, the world will see how science fared in its attempt to mold athletic excellence.

A. Zach Lund races skeleton (a head-first, belly-down sled race), in which the start is crucial. He has to sprint in a bent-over position

选做题I:

世界多极化和经济全球化趋势的发展,给世界的和平与发展带来了机遇和有利条件。……但是,不公正不合理的国际政治经济旧秩序没有根本改变。影响和平与发展的不确定因素在增加。传统安全威胁和非传统安全威胁的因素相互交织,恐怖主义危害上升。霸权主义和强权政治有新的表现。民族、宗教矛盾和边界、领土争端导致的局部冲突时起时伏。南北差距进一步扩大。世界还很不安宁,人类面临着许多严峻挑战。

——摘自党的《十六大报告》

根据上述材料,试述如何理解冷战后世界政治多极化在曲折中发展。

选做题II:

当前,世界经济全球化蓬勃发展成为时代的潮流,但同时区域经济集团化也在发展,试结合实际并运用有关哲学原理说明这一现象。

试对汇率决定理论中货币论的主要理论模型分别加以论述。

简析荀子的教育思想。

Part B (10 points)

Almost every day we see something in the papers about the latest exciting developments in the space race. Photographs are regularly flashed to the earth from thousands and even millions of miles away. They are printed in our newspapers and shown on our television screens as a visible proof of the man's newest achievements. The photographs neatly sum up the results of these massive efforts to ' conquer space' and at the same time they exposed the absurdity of the undertaking. All we can see is an indistinguishable blob that is supposed to represent a planet seen from several thousand miles away. We are going to end up with a little moon-dust and a few stones which will be put behind glass in some museum. (41)____

(42)______It is just an extension of the race for power on earth. Only the wealthiest nations can compete and they do so in the name of pure scientific research. But in reality, all they are interested in is power and prestige. They want to impress us, their spectators, with a magnificent show of strength. Man has played the power game ever since he appeared on earth. Now he is playing it as it has never been played before. The space race is just another aspect of the age-old argument that "might is right".

(43)______But what has the space race done to relieve the suffering of the earth's starving millions？ In what way has it raised the standard of living of any one of us？ As far as the layman is concerned, the practical results of all this expenditure of money and efforts are negligible. Thanks to space research, we can now see television pictures transmitted live halfway across the globe and the housewife can use non-stick frying pans in the kitchen. The whole thing becomes utterly absurd when you think that no matter what problems man overcomes, it is unlikely that he will ever be able to travel even to the nearest star.

(44)______For the first time in his history, man has the overwhelming technological resources to combat human suffering, yet he squanders them on meaningless pursuits.

(45)______Individuals with limited budgets usually get their priorities right; they provide themselves with necessities before trying to obtain luxuries. Why can't great nations act in the same sensible way？ Let us put our house in order first and let space look after itself.

[A] An increasing number of people even begin to picture a space travel in recent years.

[B] Poverty, hunger, disease and war are man's greatest enemies and the world would be an infinitely better place if the powerful nations devoted half as much money and effort to these problems as they do to the space race.

[C] The space race is not simply the objective search for knowledge though it is often made out to be.

[D] On the other hand, people benefit dramatically from the development of science and technology.

[E] This is hardly value for money when you think that our own earth can provide countless sights that are infinitely more exciting and spectacular.

[F] We are often told that technological know-how, acquired in attempting to get us into orbit, will be utilized to make better on earth.

[G] If a man deprived himself and his family of food in order to buy and run a car, we would consider him mad.

(41)

In this section, you are asked to write a composition entitled Which Is More Important, Family or Career？ Your composition should be about 150 words.