The Endangered Species Act orders the U.S. Fish and Wildlife

Service, a branch of the Department of the Interior, protect species recognized 【M1】 __

as endangered, without regard of cost. The goal is to banish extinction from 【M2】 __

the U.S. Unfortunately, the present system has managed utterly to do this. 【M3】 __

Species are going extinct anyway, and the threats are multiplying. For every

species that Fish and Wildlife have successfully removed from the 【M4】 __

endangered list in the past two decades, it has added more than one hundred

thers.

Because human interest cannot be ignored, not all species can be 【M5】 __

saved. Yet the current system demands the unattainable all species must be

saved, and human benefits must be ignored. Amplifying this dissonance

has been an unwilling in Congress. As a result, file agency has been driven 【M6】 __

to impose conservation tasks at those private-property owners who are 【M7】 __

lucky enough to have land sustains endangered species. To be safe 【M8】 __

against, possible prosecution, they must verify that using their property will 【M9】 __

cause the creature no harm. Endangered species thus become a liability

that encourages otherwise responsible citizens to call in the bulldozers at the

first glimpse of an endangered bird and lizard. 【M10】 __

【M1】

Birds genetically inherit skills and abilities to meet the ______.

American this year will swallow 15, 000 tons drugs of

aspirin, one of safest and most effective invented by man. 【M1】__

The most popular medicines in the world today, it is an el- 【M2】__

fective pain reliever. Its bad effects are relatively mild, and it

is cheap.

For millions of people suffered from arthritis, it is the 【M3】__

only thing that works. Aspirin, in short, is truly the 20th –

century wonder drug. It is also the second largest

suicide drug and is the leading cause of poisoning between chil-【M4】__

dren. It has side effects that, if relatively mild, are largely 【M5】__

unrecognized among users.

Although aspirin was first sold by a German company

in 1899,it has been around more longer than that. Hippocra-

tes, in ancient Greece, understood the medical value of the

leaves and tree bark which today are known to contain salic- 【M6】__

ylates(水杨酸盐), the chemical in aspirin. During the 19th

century, there was a great number of experimentation in Eu- 【M7】__

rope with this chemical and it led in the introduction of aspi-

rin. By 1915, aspirin tablets were available in the United 【M8】__

States.

A small quantity of aspirin (two five - grain tablets)

relieves pain and inflammation. It also reduces down fever 【M9】__

by interfering with some of the body’s reactions. Specifical-

ly, aspirin seems to slow down the formation of the acids in-

volved in pain and the complex chemical reactions that

cause fever. The chemistry of these acids is not fully under-

stood, and the slowing effect of aspirin is well known. 【M10】__

【M1】

Being Sick

People are physical, psychological (心理的) , spiritual (精神的) , and social human beings. They have certain basic needs that are necessary for life: physiological needs, the need for safety and security, love and belonging, esteem (尊重), and self-actualization. (46)

Culture influences the lives of most people. (47)

Being sick will affect a person physically, psychologically, and socially.

(48) Daily activities bring personal satisfaction, worth, and contact with others. Most people feel frustrated (灰心的) and angry when they are unable to perform. them. These feelings may become even greater if others must perform. daily functions for the patient.

A sick person has many fears and worries. (49) Some patients are able to explain why they are afraid. Others keep their feelings to themselves because they fear being laughed at for being afraid. A patient with a broken leg may be afraid of having a limp(跛行) or of not being able to walk again. A patient having surgery will probably be afraid that cancer will be found. (50)

How a person handles illness will be influenced by religion, culture, family, the patient's basic nature, the seriousness of the illness, and the speed of recovery. Doctors need to appreciate how patients are affected by illness.

A. These fears and anxieties are normal and expected.

B. Beliefs, values, habits, diet, health and illness practices may relate to a person's culture.

C. There is a fear of death, disability (残疾), chronic illness, and loss of function.

D. When people are unable to meet their own needs, they usually seek the service of a doctor.

E. The patient may be unable to perform. normal activities such as working, going to school, preparing meals, doing house or yard work, and participating in sports or hobbies.

F. One of a doctor's tasks is to help a patient to realize he is a socially human being.

(46)

You and your partner will speak to each other. You will ask and answer questions. The examiner will give you a card with some information on it. The examiner will give your partner another card with some words on it. Your partner will use the words on the card to ask you questions about the information you have. Then you will change roles.

It was believed that the most serious consequence spoiled children would have to face when they grew up was