拨浪鼓

幼儿奔跑、跳跃、攀登、玩拨浪鼓、骑木马、敲打和摆弄物体等属于（）游戏。

• A、感觉机能性游戏

• B、象征性游戏

• C、结构性游戏

• D、规则性游戏

对于7个月的婴儿，应提供的玩具和游戏材料有()

A.手工、绘画材料

B.不倒翁，拨浪鼓

C.色彩鲜明的小球

D.用手穿的大木珠

对于1岁半以后的儿童，应提供的玩具和游戏材料有()

A.不倒翁，拨浪鼓

B.手工、绘画材料

C.色彩鲜明的小球

D.用手穿的大木珠

适合初生至2个月婴儿的玩具有()

• A、娃娃、小碗

• B、积木、拼图

• C、不倒翁、拨浪鼓

• D、摇篮上挂一些色彩鲜明的小球，提供听的材料（音乐或小铃）

奇奇是这样一个孩子：胆子小，上课不主动发言，即便发言，小脸涨得通红，声音很小，特别害怕失败与挫折。他也不爱与同伴交往，老师和小朋友邀请他时，他总是把头摇得像拨浪鼓似的……你觉得应该怎样帮助奇奇？

奇奇是这样一个孩子：胆子小，上课不主动发言，即便发言，小脸涨得通红，声音很小，特别害怕失败与挫折。他也不爱与同伴交往，老师和小朋友邀请他时，他总是把头摇得像拨浪鼓似的……造成奇奇性格胆小的可能因素有哪些？

一家玩具制造厂为3个月到1岁之间各个不同阶段的婴儿设计了不同的玩具，如给开始伸手拿东西的婴儿做一个栅栏供他抓握，给第一次拿东西的婴儿玩拨浪鼓，该厂采用的细分标准是（）

A、地理细分

B、人文细分

C、心理细分

D、行为细分

Passage Three Questions 31 to 35 are based on the following passage. There seems never to have been a civilization without toys, but when and how they develop is unknown. They probably came about just to give children something to do. In the ancient world, as is today, most boys played with some kinds of toys and most girls with others. In societies where social roles are rigidly determined, boys pattern their play after the activities of their fathers and girls after the tasks of their mothers. This is true because boys and girls are being prepared, even in play, to step into the roles and responsibilities of the adult world. What is remarkable about the history of toys is not so much how they changed over the centuries but how much they have remained the same. The changes have been mostly in terms of skill, process, and technology. It is the universality of toys with regard to their development in all parts of the world and their persistence to the present that is marvelous. In some African nations, the Americas, China, and Japan, generally the same kinds of toys appeared. Variations depended on local customs and ways of life because toys imitate their surroundings. Nearly every civilization had dolls (玩偶), little weapons, toy soldiers tiny animals and vehicles Because toys can be generally regarded as a kind of art form, they have not been subject to leaps in technology that characterize inventions for adult use. The progress from the wheel to the ox-cart to the automobile is a direct line of upward movement. The progress from a rattle(拨浪鼓) used by a baby in3000 BC to one used by an infant today, however, is not characterized by invention Each rattle is the product of the artistic tastes of the times and subject to the limitations of available materials.

31. According to paragraph 1, it remains unknown________.