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EL Nino
While some forecasting methods had limited success predicting the 1997 EL Nino（厄尔尼诺现象，指赤
道东太平洋南美沿岸海水温度剧烈上升的现象。) a few months in advance , the Columbia University
researchers say their method can predict large EL Nino events up to two years in advance.That would be
good news for governments,farmers and others seeking to plan for the droughts and heavy rainfall that EL
Nino can produce in various parts of the world.
Using a computer,the researchers matched sea-surface temperatures to later EL Nino occurrences（发
生）between 1980 and 2000 and were then able to anticipate EL Nino events dating back to 1857,using prior
sea-surface temperatures.The results were reported in the latest issue of the journal Nature.
The researchers say their method is not perfect , but Bryan C. Weare , a meteorologist（气象学家）at the
University of California,Davis,who was not involved in the work,said it"suggests EL Nino is indeed
predictable".
"This will probably convince others to search around more for even better methods,"said Weare.He
added that the new method " makes it possible to predict EL Nino at long lead（提前的）times ". Other
models also use sea-surface temperatures,but they have not looked as far back because they need other data,
which is only available for recent decades,Weare said.
The ability to predict the warming and cooling of the Pacific is of immense importance.The 1997 EL
Nino , for example , caused an estimated $20 billion in damage worldwide , offset（抵消）by beneficial effects
in other areas,said David Anderson,of the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts in
Reading , England. The 1877 EL Nino , meanwhile , coincided（同时发生）with a failure of the Indian monsoon
and a famine that killed perhaps 40 million in India and China,prompting the development of seasonal
forecasting,Anderson said.
When EL Nino hit in 1991 and 1997,200 million people were affected by flooding in China alone,
according to a 2002 United Nations report.
While predicting smaller EL Nino events remains tricky（复杂的）, the ability to predict larger ones
should be increased to at least a year if the new method is confirmed.
EL Nino tends to develop between April and June and reaches its peak between December and
February.The warming tends to last between 9 and 1 2 months and occurs every two to seven years.
The new forecasting method does not predict any major EL Nino events in the next two years,although a
weak warming toward the end of this year is possible.
Weare's contribution in predicting EL Nino was highly praised by other meteorologists.
A:Right
B:Wrong
C:Not mentioned
共用题干
Learn About Noble Gases（惰性气体）
1 Have you ever ridden on a balloon?Many tourist spots offer balloon rides in order for people to see
the beauty of a place from above.A balloon contains a noble gas called helium（氦）.Formerly,balloons con-
tamned hydrogen but hydrogen is very flammable and dangerous when uncontrolled.Therefore,people shifted
to helium,which is safer. Helium is safe because it has the properties of the noble gases.
2 People once believed that noble gases couldn't chemically react at all.For this reason,they were
called inert gases（惰性气体）.They were also listed under Group 0 in the old periodic table because scien-
tists believed that the gases have zero valence（价）electrons in their outer shell.This was later proven to be
untrue when some noble gas compounds were discovered.
3 The gases are elements,which share similar properties.These properties include being monoatomic,
colorless,odorless,being able to conduct electricity,and having low chemical reactivity.Noble gases
include helium,neon,argon,krypton,xenon and radon.These are all found in Group 18,in the right most
column of the periodic table.If you look at the periodic table,you will notice that these elements are the only
ones which do not have a charge. Helium has the lowest molecular（分子的）weight while radon is the
heaviest.
4 Remember that chemical reactions occur because atoms have valence electrons,which are electrons
in their outer shell.When the outer shell is"unfilled"or the required number of electrons is not yet corn-
plete,the atom is more reactive.Noble gases have a full outer shell,meaning that they have complete elec-
trons in their outer shell.This complete number varies.For instance,the outer shell of helium has 2 valence
electrons while the outer shell of xenon has 8 electrons.Nowadays,there remains to be a few noble gases
because of the low chemical reactivity of these said gases.
5 because of their properties,noble gases have many important applications.They are widely used in
medicine and industries. For instance , liquid helium is used for superconducting magnets（磁体）.These
magnets are very important in physics and medicine.When a doctor suspects that a person's brain has been
damaged,he might request for Magnetic Resonance Imaging(MRI).MRI allows the doctor to"see"the
brain,without operating on the patient.
Paragraph 2 ____________
A:How were Noble Gases Discovered?
B:What is the Periodic Table?
C:What are the Applications of Noble Gases?
D:How were Noble Gases Understood in the Past?
E:What Causes the Low Chemical Reactivity of Noble Gases?
F:What are Noble Gases?
We found shelter from the rain under the trees.
A: defense
B: standing
C: protection
D: room
共用题干
Where Has the Salt Come from?
Every now and then,we meet a fact about our earth that makes us feel strange and no
answer for the fact has yet been found.Such a fact is the existence of salt in the oceans.
How did it get there?
We simply do not know how the salt got into the ocean!We do know,of course,that
salt is water-soluble,and so passes into the oceans with rainwater.The salt of the earth's
surface is constantly being dissolved（溶解）and is passing into the ocean.
But we do not know whether this can explain the huge quantity of salt in oceans.If all
the oceans were dried up,enough salt would be left to build a wall 180 miles high and a
mile thick. Such a wall would reach once around the world at the Equator（赤道）!
The common salt that we all use is produced from seawater or the water of salt lakes,
from salt springs（源泉）and from deposits of rock salt. The concentration（浓度）of salt in
seawater ranges from about three percent to three-and-one-half percent. The Dead Sea,
which covers an area of about 340 square miles,contains about 11,600,000,000 tons of
salt!
On the average, a gallon（加仑）of seawater contains about a quarter of a pound of
salt.The beds of rock salt that are found in various parts of the world were all originally
formed by the evaporation（蒸发）of seawater millions of years ago. It is believed that the
thick rock-salt deposits were formed after about nine-tenth of theY volume of seawater had
been evaporated.
Most commercial salt is obtained from rock salt.The usual method is to drill wells（井）
down to the salt beds. Pure water is pumped down（抽进去）through a pipe. The water
dissolves the salt and it is forced through another pipe up to the surface.
Beds of rock salt are found in every part of the world.
A:Right
B:Wrong
C:Not mentioned
共用题干
The Benefits of Lifelong Learning for Adults
Lifelong learning is the process of keeping your mind and body engaged一at any age一by actively pursuing knowledge and experience.In fact,it has many benefits.Firstly,it keeps the mind sharp and it improves the memory.Secondly,it improves self-confidence and offers an opportunity to try something new. Thirdly,it gives the learner the feeling of accomplishment. Also,it offers the learner the opportunity to keep in touch with people who share with him/her the same interests and make new acquaintances.Finally,it offers an opportunity to learn a new skill or trade.
Achieving retirement means having a lot of spare time and becoming more stressed and bored. However,some adults think that learning at that age is a way to get rid of this situation of boredom and stress.For them learning should be a lifelong process and even retirement should be an opportunity to try new things rather than being passive and pessimistic.
Lifelong learning helps you remember things better.
A:Right
B:Wrong
C:Not mentioned
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C.附带审查义务
D.票据外有关事项的审查义务
根据《公司法》的规定,有限责任公司下列人员中,可以提议召开股东会临时会议的是()。
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关于股份有限公司中的监事会，下列说法错误的是()
A.监事会负责提议聘请或更换外部审计机构B.监事会主席和副主席由全体监事过半数选举产生C.监事会中的职工代表的比例不得低于三分之一D.监事会应至少每6个月召开一次会议
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