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第三篇
The Iceman
On a September day in 1991,two Germans were climbing the mountains between Austria and Italy. High
up on a mountain pass,they found the body of a man lying on the ice.At that height(10,499 feet or 3,200
meters),the ice is usually permanent,but 1991 had been an especially warm year. The mountain ice had
melted more than usual and so the body had come to the surface.
It was lying face downward. The skeleton（骨架）was in perfect condition, except for a wound in the
head.There was still skin on the bones and the remains of some clothes.The hands were still holding the
wooden handle of an ax and on the feet there were very simple leather and cloth boots.Nearby was a pair of
gloves made of tree bark（树皮）and a holder for arrows.
Who was this man?How and when had he died?Everybody had a different answer to these questions.
Some people thought that it was from this century,perhaps the body of a soldier who died in World War I,
since several soldiers had already been found in the area. A Swiss woman believed it might be her father,
who had died in those mountains twenty years before and whose body had never been found.The scientists
who rushed to look at the body thought it was probably much older,maybe even a thousand years old.
With modern dating techniques,the scientists soon learned that the iceman was about 5,300 years old.
Born in about 3300 B.C.,he lived during the Bronze Age in Europe.At first scientists thought he was probably
a hunter who had died in an accident in the high mountains.More recent evidence,however,tells a different
story.A new kind of X-ray shows an arrowhead still stuck in his shoulder. It left only a tiny hole in his skin,
but it caused internal damage and bleeding. He almost certainly died from this wound, and not from the
wound on the back of his head.This means that he was probably in some kind of a battle.It might have been
part of a larger war,or he might have beenl fighting bandits.He might even have been a bandit himself.
By studying his clothes and tools,scientists have already learned a great deal from the iceman about the
times he lived in.we may never know the full story of how he died,but he has given us important clues to the
history of those distant times.
What can be inferred from Paragraph 2?
A:The iceman could have died from the wound in the head.
B:The iceman was struck dead from behind.
C:The iceman was killed while working.
D:The iceman lived a poor life.

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Learning Disabilities
Learning disabilities are very common.They affect perhaps 1 0 percent of all children.Four times as many boys as girls have learning disabilities.
Since about 1970,new research has helped brain scientists understand these problems better.Scientists now know there are many different kinds of learning disabilities and that they are caused by many different things.There is no longer any question that all learning disabilities result from differences in the way the brain is organized.
You cannot look at a child and tell if he or she has a learning disability.There is no outward sign of the disorder.So some researchers began looking at the brain itself to learn what might be wrong.
In one study,researchers examined the brain of a learning-disabled person who had died in an accident. They found two unusual things.One involved cells in the left side of the brain,which control language.These cells normally are white.In the learning disabled person,however,these cells were gray.The researchers also found that many of the nerve cells were not in a line the way they should have been.The nerve cells were mixed together.
The study was carried out under the guidance of Norman Geschwind,an early expert on learning disabilities, Doctor Geschwind proposed that learning disabilities resulted mainly from problems in the left side of the brain. He believed this side of the brain failed to develop normally.Probably,he said,nerve cells there did not connect as they should.So the brain was like an electrical device in which the wires were crossed.
Other researchers did not examine brain tissue.Instead,they measured the brain's electrical activity and made a map of the electrical signals.
Frank Dully experimented with this technique at Children's Hospital Medical Center in Boston.Doctor Dully found large differences in the brain activity of normal children and those with reading problems.The differences appeared throughout the brain.Doctor Dully said his research is evidence that disabilities involve damage to a wide area of the brain,not just the left side.
Scientists found that the brain cells of a learning-disabled person differ from those of a normal person in______.
A:structure and function
B:color and function
C:size and arrangement
D:color and arrangement

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I'll Be Bach
Composer David Cope is the inventor of a computer program that writes original works of clas-sical music .It took Cope 30 years to develop the software.Now most people can't_____(51) the difference between music by the famous German composer J. S.Bach(1685-1750)and the Bach-like compositions from Cope's computer.
It all started in 1980 in the United States,when Cope was trying to write an opera. He was having____(52)thinking of new melodies,so he wrote a computer program to create the melodies.At first this music was not_____(53)to listen to. What did Cope do?He began to rethink how human beings compose music .He realized that composers,brains_____(54)like big databases. First,they take in all the music that they have ever heard.Then they take
_____（55)the music that they dislike.Finally,they make new music from what is_______(56).According to Cope,only the great composers are able to create the database accurately, remember it,and form new musical patterns from it.
Cope built a_____(57)database of existing music.He began with hundreds of works by Bach .The software analyzed the data:it______(58)it down into smaller pieces and looked for patterns. It then combined the______(59)into new patterns. Before long,the program could compose short Bach-like works.They weren't good,but it was a start.
Cope knew he had more work to do—he had a whole opera to write.He continued to improve the software. Soon it could______(60)more complex music.He also added many other com-posers,including his own work to the database.
A few years later,Cope's computer program,called“Emmy”,was ready to help him with his opera. The______(61)required a lot of collaboration between the composer and Emmy. Cope listened to the computer's musical ideas and used the______(62)that he liked.With Emmy,the opera took only two weeks to finish.It was called Cradle Falling,and it was a great _____(63)!Cope received some of the best reviews of his career,but no one knew exactly _____(64)he had composed the work.
Since that first opera,Emmy has written thousands of compositions.Cope still gives Emmy feedback on what he likes and doesn't like of her music,_____(65)she is doing most of the hard work of composing these days!
51._________
A: make
B: tell
C:take
D:understand

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第二篇
Archive Gallery : The Best of Bionics（仿生学）
Humans might be the most highly-evolved species on the planet,but most animals possess skills we can
only dream of having. Imagine how much electricity we could save if we could see in the dark the way cats
do. Imagine leaping from tree to tree like a monkey. Giraffes（长颈鹿）,which are otherwise calm and good-
natured,sleep only 4.6 hours a day.
We realized a long , long time ago that nature provides the best blueprint（蓝图）for invention. We ' ve
borrowed canals from beavers（河狸）and reflectors from cat's eyes. Although the words"bionics"became
popular only after the l960s,history shows that nature has always provided ideas on solving everyday prob-
lems. Our archives（档案）don't go back to the time of Leonardo da Vinci and his bird-like flying machines,
but we can take you to the late 19th century,where we applied those same principles for building our first
practical airplanes.
To prepare for their flight at Kitty Hawk,the Wright brothers studied the movements of pigeons to fingure
out how they stayed high up when they were heavier than air. Their success inspired scores of successors to
improve on the airplane by studying various aspects of nature.One of Orville Wright's pupils caught and
stuffed seagulls to examine their wingspan.Meanwhile,two French inventors examined spinning sycamore（美
国梧桐）seeds in an effort to apply those same motions , reversed , to a helicopter.
Some examples are more obvious than others.The outside of the airplane designed by the Wright
Drotliers looks like a minimalistic（简单抽象艺术）structure. On the other hand , Barney Connett ' s fish
iubmarine（潜水艇）actually looks like a fish.
Some bio-inspired concepts have yet to be invented.In the l960s,the US Army commissioned several
iniversity professors to conduct research on the motor skills of animals in hope of applying those same abili-
ies to tanks. Tanks that run like horses or jump like grasshoppers（蚂炸）一sounds shocking,doesn't it?
3ut imagine how life would change if we could achieve that.
Which of the following can be found in the archive gallery?
A:History books.
B:The Wright brothers' sculpture.
C:First practical airplanes built in the late 19th century.
D:Leonardo da Vinci's bird一like flying machines.

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Traffic reaches its rush hour between 8:00 and 9:00 in the morning.
A:border
B: goal
C: peak
D: level

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第三篇
Pool Watch
Swimmers can drown in busy swimming pools when lifeguards fail to notice that they are
in trouble.A report says that on average 15 people drown in British pools each year,but
many more suffer major injury after getting into difficulties.Now a French company has
developed an artificial intelligence system called Poseidon that sounds the alarm when it
sees someone in danger of drowning.
When a swimmer sinks towards the bottom of the pool,the new system sends an alarm
signal to a poolside monitoring station and a lifeguard's pager（呼机）.In trials at a pool in
Ancenis,near Nantes,it saved a life within just a few months,says Alistair McQuade,a
spokesman for its maker,Poseidon Technologies.
Poseidon keeps watch through a network of underwater and overhead video cameras.
Al software analyses the images to work out swimmers' trajectories（轨迹）.To do this
reliably,it has to tell the difference between a swimmer and the shadow of someone being
cast onto the bottom or side of the pool.
It does the same with an image from another camera viewing the shape from a different
angle.If the two projections are in the same position,the shape is identified as a shadow
and is ignored.But if they are different,the shape is a swimmer and so the system follows
its trajectory.
To pick out potential drowning victims,anyone in the water who starts to descend
slowly is added to the software's"pre-alert"（预先警戒）list,says McQuade. Swimmers
who then stay immobile on the pool bottom for 5 seconds or more are considered in danger
of drowning.Poseidon double-checks that the image really is of a swimmer,not a shadow,
by seeing whether it obscures（使模糊）the pool's floor texture when viewed from overhead.
If so,it alerts the lifeguard,showing the swimmer's location on a poolside screen.
The first full-scale Poseidon system will be officially opened next week at a pool in High
Wycombe,Buckinghamshire.One man who is impressed with the idea is Travor Baylis,
inventor of the clockwork（时钟装置）radio. Baylis runs a company that installs swimming
pools-and he was once an underwater escapologist（脱身杂技演员）with a circus（马
戏团）."I say full marks to them if this works and can save lives,"he says.
Al means the same as
A:an image.
B:an idea.
C:anything immobile.
D:artificial intelligence.

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