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Approaches to Understanding Intelligences
It pays to be smart,but we are not all smart in the same way.You may be a talented musician,but you might not be a good reader.Each of us is different.
Psychologists disagree about what is intelligence and what are talents or personal abilities.Psychologists have two different views on intelligence.Some believe there is one general intelligence.Others believe there are many different intelligences.
Some psychologists say there is one type of intelligence that can be measured with IQ tests.These psychologists support their view with research that concludes that people who do well on one kind of test for mental ability do well on other tests.They do well on tests using words,numbers,or pictures.They do well on individual or group tests,and written or oral tests.Those who do poorly on one test,do the same on all tests.
Studies of the brain show that there is a biological basis for general intelligence.The brains of intelligent people use less energy during problem solving.The brain waves of people with higher intelligence show a quicker reaction.Some researchers conclude that differences in intelligence result from differences in the speed and effectiveness of information processing by the brain.
Howard Gardner,a psychologist at the Harvard School of Education,has four children.He believes that all children are different and shouldn't be tested by one intelligence test.Although Gardner believes general intelligence exists,he doesn't think it tells much about.the talents of a person outside of formal schooling.He thinks that the human mind has different intelligences.These intelligences allow us to solve the kinds of problems we are presented with in life.Each of us has different abilities within these intelligences.Gardner believes that the purpose of school should be to encourage development of all of our intelligences.
Gardner says that his theory is based on biology.For example,when one part of the brain is injured,other parts of the brain still work.People who cannot talk because of brain damage can still sing.So,there is not just one intelligence to lose.Gardner has identified 8 different kinds of intelligence:linguistic,mathematical,spatial, musical , interpersonal,intrapersonal , body-kinesthetic(身体动觉的),and naturalistic.
According to Gardner,schools should______.
A:test students'IQs
B:train students who do poorly on tests
C:focus on、finding the most intelligent students
D:promote development of all intelligences

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Treating China's Online Addicts
Wang Yiming,21,is a self-confessed Internet addict,one of a growing number in China. He used to spend hours online each day,often going without food or sleep.His face is drawn and sallow. He said addiction changed his whole life:
"A month or two after I started surfing the Internet,I failed some of my school tests,but I was too afraid to tell my parents.When my parents found out,they were very angry."
"But I couldn't control my addiction.Friends were also telling me that I was on the net too long,but I thought:'It's my life,I can do what I want.'I became a real loner,was withdrawn,and wouldn't listen to anyone."
For help,Wang Yiming went to China's first Internet clinic,a low-rise,anonymous building in central Beijing. The clinic is part of a bigger addiction centre also treating those hooked on alcohol or drugs.The Internet addicts go on a two-week course involving medical treatment,psychological therapy,and daily workouts.
All 15 patients when I visited were young men一the main social group affected by this problem一and they all told a similar story of how their addiction to the net destroyed their lives.
Every day in China,more than 20 million youngsters go online to play games and hit the chat rooms,and that means that Internet addiction among young people is becoming a major issue here. The Chinese authorities have started to wake up to the seriousness of the problem with more articles in the papers highlighting the dangers of going online for too long.
In the first few months,Internet addiction didn't affect Wang Yiming at all.
A:Right
B:Wrong
C:Not mentioned
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