Fill each of the numbered blanks in the following passage with one suitable word.From the beginning, water has furnished man with a source of food and a highway to travel upon. The first arose（1）water was a dominant element in the environment, a challenge（2）man's ingenuity. The Egyptians invented the 365（3）. calendar in response（4）the Nile's annual flooding. The Babylonians, who were among （5）most famous law-makers（6）antiquity, devised edicts regulating water usage. Water inspired the Chinese （7）build a 1,000 mile canal, a complex system（8）, after nearly 2,500 years, （9）still partly in use and still commands the awe of engineers. But the ancients never found complete solutions（10）their water problems. The Hwang Ho, or Yellow River is also known（11）"China's Sorrow"; it is so erratic and dangerous（12）in a single flood it has caused million deaths. Floods hazarded the great civilization of the Indus River valley, and inadequate drainage ruined much（13）its lanD.Today（14）dominates man as it always has（15）.Its presence continues to govern the location of his homes and cities; its tempestuous variability can kill（16）or his herds or his crops; its routes link him to（17）fellows; its immense value may add（18）. already dangerous political conflicts. There are many examples（19）this in our（20）time.
There is not the woman born who desires to eat the bread of dependence, no matter from the hand of father, husband, or brother; for any one who does so eat her bread places herself in the power of the person（ ）she takes it.
People of diverse backgrounds now fly to distant places for pleasure, business or education.
Directions: Translate the following passage into English. Write your translation on the ANSWER SHEET.一九七八年，我们党召开具有重大历史意义的十一届三中全会，开启了改革开放历史新时期。从那时以来，中国共产党人和中国人民以一往无前的进取精神和波澜壮阔的创新实践，谱写了中华民族自强不息、顽强奋进新的壮丽史诗，中国人民的面貌、社会主义中国的面貌、中国共产党的面貌发生了历史性变化。改革开放是党在新的时代条件下带领人民进行的新的伟大革命，目的就是要解放和发展社会生产力，实现国家现代化，让中国人民富裕起来，振兴伟大的中华民族。
Recent stories in the newspapers and magazines suggest that teaching and research contradict each other, that research plays too prominent a part in academic promotions, and that teaching is badly underemphasized. There is an element of truth in these statements, but they also ignore deeper more important relationships.Research experience is an essential element of hiring and promotion at a research university because it is the emphasis on research that distinguishes such a university from an arts college. Some professors, however, neglect teaching for research and that presents a problem.Most research universities reward outstanding teaching, but the greatest recognition is usually for achievements in research. Part of the reason is the difficulty of judging teaching. A highly responsible and tough professor is usually appreciated by top students who want to be challenged but disliked by those whose records are less impressive. The mild professor gets overall ratings that are usually high, but there is a sense of disappointment on the part of the best students, exactly those for whom the system should present the greatest challenges. Thus, a university trying to promote professors primarily on the basis of teaching qualities would have to confront this confusion.As modern science moves faster, two forces are exerted on professors: one is the time needed to keep up with the profession; the other is the time needed to teach. The training of new scientists requires outstanding teaching at the research university as well as the arts college. Although scientists are usually "made” in the elementary schools, scientists can be “lost” by poor teaching at the college and graduate school levels. The solution is not to separate teaching and research but to recognize that the combination is difficult but vital. The title of professor should be given only to those who profess and it is perhaps time for universities to reserve it for those willing to be an earnest part of the community of scholars. Professors unwilling to teach can be called "distinguished research investigators" or something else.The pace of modern science makes it increasingly difficult to be a great researcher and a great. Yet many are described in just those terms. Those who say we can separate teaching and research simply do not understand the system, but those who say the problem will disappear are not fulfilling their responsibilities.1.What idea does the author want to convey in the first paragraph?2.In academic promotions research universities still attach more importance to research partly because（ ）.3.According to the fourth paragraph, which of the following will the author probably agree with?4.The title of professor should be given only to those who first and foremost do（ ）.5.The phrase "the problem"(Line 3, Para. 5) refers to（ ）.
Human societies the world over have confronted the same existential problems and have come to remarkably（ ）solutions, differing only in superficial details.