1. Translate the following paragraph into Chinese (5 marks) It’s another bad-air day in Beijing. You can barely see. You can barely breathe. But you can feel — and even taste — the grit floating in the air. The World Health Organization has set healthy level of Air Quality Index at 25 micrograms, while Beijing considers a 300 reading as “Bad” and 500 as “Hazardous.” Last weekend, however, it breached 700! “I’m getting itchy,” complained my daughter Michelle, visiting us from New York. “I could feel it at the back of my throat.” Longtime expatriate residents in the Chinese capital jokingly call it the “Beijing tickle (痒痒)”, a nagging cough that takes a long time to shrug off.

改革开放是国家发展进步的根本动力。我国改革已进入攻坚阶段，必须进一步解放思想，全面推进经济、政治、文化、社会等领域的改革，不断把改革引向深入。要进一步完善社会主义市场经济体制。毫不动摇地巩固和发展公有制经济，毫不动摇地鼓励、支持和引导非公有制经济发展，形成各种所有制经济依法平等使用生产要素、公平参与市场竞争、同等受到法律保护的体制环境。深化国有企业改革以及重点行业改革。

Mankind’s fascination with gold is as old as civilization itself. The ancient Egyptians esteemed gold, which had religious __21__ to them, and King Tutankhamen was buried in a solid gold coffin 3,300 years ago. The wandering Israelites __22__ a golden calf, and the legendary King Midas asked that everything he touched __23__ into gold.

__24__ only is gold beautiful, but it’s __25__ indestructible. It will not rust or corrode; gold coins and products __26__ from the metal have survived undamaged for centuries. Gold is extremely easy to __27__; one ounce, which is about the size of a cube of sugar, can be beaten into a sheet nearly 100 square feet in size, and becomes so thin that light pass through it. An ounce of gold can also be __28__ into a wire 50 miles long. Gold __29__ electricity better than any other __30__ except copper and silver, and it is particularly important in the modern electronics industry.

People have always longed to __31__ gold. Unfortunately, this longing has also __32__ the worst in the human character. The Spanish conquerors of the 16th century robbed palaces, __33__, and graves, and killed thousands of Indians in their __34__ search for gold. Often the only rule in young California during the days of the gold rush was exercised by the mob with a rope. Even today, the economic running of South Africa’s gold mines depends largely on the employment of black laborers who are paid about 40 pounds a month, plus room and board, and who must work in conditions that can only be __35__ as cruel.

__36__, the desire to keep gold at home has been primarily an occupation of the working and peasant classes, who have no __37__ in paper money. George Bernard Shaw __38__ their instincts eloquently: “You have to choose between trusting to the natural stability of gold and the natural stability of the __39__ and intelligence of the members of the government.” He said, “and with due respect to these gentlemen, I advise you to __40__ for gold.”

It’s hard to memorize through brute force the groceries we need to buy.

Symphonies, string quartets, and ______ often have a sonata form.

___ for your help, I could not have accomplished the dissertation.