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请阅读 Passage l,完成第 21~25小题。                                      Passage1   In his book The Tipping Point, Malcolm Gladwell argues that   "social epidemics" are driven in largepart by the actions of a tiny minority of special individuals, often calledinfluentials, who are unusually informed, persuasive, or well-connected. Theidea is intuitively compelling, but it doesn't explain how ideas actuallyspread.    The supposed importance of influentials derives from a plausible-soundingbut largely untested theory called the "two-step flow ofcommunication": Information flows from the media to the influential andfrom them to everyone else. Marketers have embraced the two-step flow becauseit suggests that if they can just find and influence the influentials, those selectedpeople will do most of the work for them. The theory also seems to explain thesudden and unexpected popularity of certain looks, brands, or neighborhoods. Inmany such cases, a cursory search for causes finds that some small group ofpeople was wearing  promoting, or developingwhatever it is before anyone else paid attention. Anecdotal evidence of thiskind fits nicely with the idea that only certain special people can drivetrends.    In their recent work,however,some researchers have come up with the finding that influential havefar less impact on social epidemics than is generally supposed. In fact, theydon 't  seem to be required of all.The researchers ' argument stems from a simple observation aboutsocial influence: With the exception of a few celebrities like OprahWinfrey-whose outsize presence is primarily a function of media, notinterpersonal, influence-even the most influential members of a populationsimply don't interact with that many others. Yet it is precisely these non-celebrityinfluentials who,according to the two-step-flow theory, are supposed to drive socialepidemics, by influencing their friends and colleagues directly.  For a social epidemic to occur, however, eachperson so affected must then influence his or her own acquaintances,who must intum influence theirs, and so on; and just how many others pay attention to eachof these people        has little to do with the initialinfluential. If people in the network just two degrees removed from the initialinfluential prove resistant. for example, the cascade of change won ' tpropagate very far or affect many people.    Building on the basic truth aboutinterpersonal influence, the researchers studied the dynamics of social influenceby conducting thousands of computer simulations of populations, manipulating a numberof variables relating to people's ability to influence others and theirtendency to be influenced.  They foundthat the principal requirement for what is called    "global cascades"---the widespreadpropagation of influence through networks—is the presence not of a few influentials but ,rather, of a critical mass of easilyinfluenced people.By citing the book The Tipping Point, the author intends to_____

A、analyze the consequences of social epidemics

B、discuss influentials ' function in spreading ideas

C、exemplify people ' s intuitive response to social epidemics

D、describe the essential characteristics of influential

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请阅读 Passage 2,完成第 26~30小题 。Passage 2Paper money is used every day but people do not often think of money as just paper.This is because people agree that it has value,and paper money is supported by the government.People have used paper money for only a few hundred years,but what did people do before printed money was invented? In Medieval England,a stick was the official representation of money. The common system that was used involved counting debt on a piece of wood called a "tally stick". The tally stick was marked with a knife.Each mark,or tally,indicated an amount of money.The tally stick acted as a contract.No one really knows who invented the tally stick,but King Henry I of England is credited as the first to use the stick in a widespread fashion.In England,the tally stick was used from 1100-1826.Marks were made on a tally stick to represent the amount of service or goods that were exchanged.The tally stick was cut in halflengthwise into two parts,and one stick was longer than the other.The person giving services or goods received the longer end of the stick,called the "stock",and the person paying for the service or goods received the shorter end.Once the stick was cut,it could not be altered.When put together,the two halves fit perfectly together.Medieval England was not the only country to use the tally stick system.In 1960,Belgian scientist Jean de Heinzelin de Braucourt discovered an extremely old tally stick made of baboon bone in Africa.At first,he determined the stick to be between about 8,000 to 10,000 years old.This surprised many people because it proved that the tally stick system had been in use for much longer than everyone had previously thought.Further research has shown that this stick is actually much older: now,scientists believe it is 20,000 years old.The tally stick system may no longer be in use today,but its influence is still apparent.People still make contracts and people still borrow and lend money.People still trust that "things"-whether they are sticks,paper,or coins-have value.The next time paper money is used,just remember: it is only paper!In England,the tally stick was useful for ____.

A、deciding debt and credit

B、cutting goods in half

C、discovering the origins of African tally sticks

D、designing tally sticks made of baboon bone

政府部门领导:我们已经有了一条促使与政府部门有商业往来的公司遵循的道德规范。几乎所有公司都同意遵守它的事实说明它是成功的。因此,没有必要以更强的道德规范或强制机制来保证与政府部门有商业往来的公司作出符合道德的行为。下面哪项如果正确,对该领导的结论提出了最严重的质疑?(  )

A、只是在发现几家公司和政府部门进行商业往来时严重违反了道德规范以后,才制定了这些道德规范

B、一项政府调查发现,大部分同意遵守这一规范的公司目前都没有实际执行

C、对大多数公司的调查发现,几家公司已经停止和政府部门进行商业往来,因为它们不想遵守这些道德规范

D、通过对制约公司的这些道德规范的调查,发现同意遵守它们的这些公司的最高管理人员完全执行时,这些规范的效果才最好

(一)  【给定资料】  资料1  退休职工满师傅是回民,家住北城。他每周都要去一次改建后的牛街,先是围着古老而年轻的清真寺漫步一遭,然后再到“牛街清真食品超市”采购。“那儿的牛羊肉都是按穆斯林规矩宰杀出来的。”满师傅赞不绝口。“牛肉炖着吃可以挑‘肋条’‘腰窝’,酱着吃有‘腱子’。切好片的‘肥牛儿’小包装,红里透白勾人馋虫;涮羊肉讲究‘三叉’‘黄瓜条’,那儿的货又多又新鲜”。牛街给满师傅家节假日三代人聚餐带来了方便和欢愉。  有千年历史的北京市南城牛街地区是北京最大的穆斯林聚居区。目前,这里仅回族居民就有1万多人。改建前,街巷狭窄,市政基础设施落后,低矮破旧的危房连街成片,人均住房面积只有5.1平方米。1997年,牛街地区危改工程启动,这是北京市政府在全市最先实施的危改面积最大、拆迁户数最多、少数民族比例最高的危改小区。2004年两期工程胜利完成。  迁入新居的老住户居住条件得到了极大改善。穆斯林们最满意的是新房里有了浴室,每天进寺礼拜前可在家中沐浴。改建后的牛街,具有浓郁的民族风情:住宅楼无论高矮均采用穆斯林习用的黄色加绿边装饰。始建于公元996年的辽代千年古寺——牛街清真寺周围环境也焕然一新。寺院周围出现了万米绿地;原来门前8米宽的道路拓宽到40多米,门前那座历史悠久的“大影壁”,整修后巧妙地横亘在主辅路之间的绿化隔离带上,既保持了清真寺建筑布局的完整性,更成为一道独特的景观。全长670多米的街道两侧分布着商用房,经营民族服饰、工艺品、清真副食,多家回民老字号餐馆和小吃店里的正宗清真菜肴、各种地道的牛街小吃令人怀旧,吸引着京城、外埠乃至海外的穆斯林食客。晚上处处灯火辉煌、流光溢彩,牛街老住户白奶奶常说:“如今在咱牛街走走,跟上长安街差不多。”  牛街街道工委干部告诉采访记者,牛街不仅是“民生一条街”,也是“民族文化一条街”。通过利用现有条件和历史文物资源,修缮了牛街礼拜寺,扩建了回民幼儿园、回民小学,改造了民族敬老院,设立回民殡葬处、社会保障事务所和社区卫生站等服务场所,社区数字化管理系统日趋完善。牛街还是白猿通臂拳的诞生地,而今在小区里经常能看见白猿通臂拳第六代传人钟教练指导孩子们习武练拳的场景,因其具备“历史性”和“传承性”等申报非物质文化遗产的条件,目前有关部门已将白猿通臂拳列入区级非物质文化遗产推荐项目。这也是让牛街人足以自豪的事儿。  资料2  某报报道了乡村放映员王其璋的事迹。他从1976年参加工作至今,用一台放映机、一张大银幕,为家乡61个村庄的农民送去欢声笑语,累计行程达25万余公里,放映电影近万场。  王其璋高中毕业时面临两个择业选择:当中学老师或者乡村电影放映员。从小爱看电影的他毫不犹豫地选择了后者。那时候,农村几乎没有什么文化生活,乡亲们看场电影就像过年一样,一个村庄放电影,附近村庄的群众也都会早早赶过来占座位,银幕两面的空地上围得满满当当,还有人爬到了房顶和树上。然而到了80年代后期,随着生活水平的提高,电视在农村越来越普及,农村电影放映跌进了低谷。但为了心爱的电影,也为了那些喜欢看电影的乡亲们,王其璋最终还是坚持了下来。  说起放电影,给老王印象最深的还是帮助村民学习农业科技的事。姜家庄村有100多亩果园,品种老化,坐果率低。村支书找到王其璋,请他去放点苹果管理的影片。接到委托后,老王精挑细选了《苹果树的修剪》《果树嫁接》等十几部科教影片为果农们放映,结果果园当年便获得了大丰收。到了秋天,王其璋再到这个村放电影的时候,果农们一下子把他围了起来,纷纷拿来大个儿的苹果让他吃。他们说:“老王,尝尝这苹果甜不甜?这里面可有你的功劳啊!”看到乡亲们发自内心的笑容,王其璋有说不出的高兴。  和尚庄村有养猪的传统,但前几年村民不懂防疫,小猪长到五六十斤常常病死,损失很大。王其璋就找来20多部生猪养殖方面的影片,连续给村民们放了一星期,还自己掏钱买资料赠送,把兽医站的技术员请来讲课示范,帮助村民掌握养猪技术。现在,这个不到200户的村庄已经发展养殖户120多个,每户年收入4万多元。因为这事,王其璋在这个村里的威信很高,每次去,村民都拉着老王去参观他们的养殖场,争着请他吃饭。乡亲们都说:“老王可不光是电影放映员,他都成了我们的科技顾问了!”  资料3  某市文化管理部门召开了一个座谈会,与会者交流农村和社区基层文化建设的心得,提出相关意见和建议。以下是几位与会者的发言摘要:  A(大学生村官):要提高乡亲们的文化素质,培养积极向上的村风民风,我觉得鼓励他们把花在打牌、闲聊上的时间用在读书上很重要,也很有效。我到村里以后积极地提议和向上争取,创办了全县第一家“农家书屋”。我帮助购买图书,筹集资金添置设施,动员群众参加读书活动,有空还给他们上课,有时还请农业大学老师、农科院技术员来开讲座。现在,农家书屋已经成为我们村的一大亮点,省市县领导多次来视察和调研。如今村民们有空就到书屋来看看书,读读报。打牌的少了,闲聊的少了,文化生活丰富多了。  B(大学生村官):我们村本来就有一个文化站,里面也有不少图书,但是利用率不高,钥匙别在村支书的腰里,哪个农民提出要看书什么的,村支书就去开门。没有人提,那个门就天天锁着。我去了以后,主动向村支书提出保管钥匙,将文化站重新布置了一下,办了墙报宣传栏,里面摆上茶水,添加了不少新书,制定了文化站管理制度。按时开放,按章管理。现在,我们那个文化站天天村民络绎不绝,有时候里面坐不下,有人捧着书坐到门外的空地上看。  C(社区工作者):社区街道文化站的建设是重要问题,也是难题。我们那文化站备有不少图书,但没有什么人来读。我做过调查,我们街道很多人平时没事,要么凑一桌人打麻将,打扑克,要么守在家里看电视,不愿与人交往。不过,我发现早晚在小区里散步、锻炼身体、跳舞的人倒不少。我就动了脑筋,在小区的路边,健身场地旁边,竖起很多宣传栏,里面内容定期更换,除了宣传国家大事,介绍社区里的好人好事。普及防火防盗,卫生常识,还用来传播一些传统文化,比如《弟子规》《论语》《二十四孝》等,配上漫画和导读文字,人们散步和锻炼的时候顺便就可看到,慢慢引起了他们读书的兴趣,现在到文化站来读书的人越来越多。  【问题】  如何做好基层文化建设工作直接关系到中华民族传统文化的继承与弘扬,请你谈谈“给定资料1~3”对做好这方面工作有哪些启示。  要求:紧扣“给定资料”,条理清楚。不超过300字。

(十)  【给定资料】  云南大学E教授说:“怒江中下游水电开发的确不是解决当地群众贫困和经济发展的唯一途径,但是,怒江州可供开发利用的自然资源十分有限,怒江地区生存条件的恶劣超出了一般人的想象。水电开发,至少是迄今为止一条可实现的对怒江社会经济发展具有重要作用的途径。”  某经济研究所F所长认为,只有开发怒江才能有资金进行生态移民,也才有可能使植被不再被当地百姓出于生存需要而破坏,怒江水电建设完全符合循环经济的要求。上海某大学地理研究所G所长指出:“美国人民把搁浅的鲸鱼推入大海,这值得赞扬;鲸鱼被非洲难民捕食,这也应赞扬,因为它救活了一群人。”  云南省政府某研究室H主任说,滇西北的怒江地区经济发展缓慢,至今仍是云南乃至全国最贫困的地区。该地区72万亩耕地大部分是挂在陡坡上的“大字报”地,每亩地的产值回报仅33元,10亩地养活不了1口人,全州唯一支撑地方经济的森工产业也在环保工程实施后退出了历史舞台。  中科院I院士在接受记者采访时明确表示,怒江建水电站能解决老百姓的生活问题。老百姓的贫困不可能靠国家救济解决,库区5万移民的代价还是比较低的。从发电角度说,怒江的装机容量可以达到2100多万千瓦,超过长江三峡1800多万千瓦的装机容量,而怒江的投资只有长江三峡的一半。因为怒江的地理条件好,可以用较小的投资产生较大的回报。I院士强调指出:“2100多万千瓦不是小量。”他还认为,云南少数民族地区应该是优先发展的地方,这里发展水电,一部分输出华东、华中,一部分可输出缅甸,从国际形势看,有其战略意义。  【问题】  给定资料引用了上海某研究所G所长的话:“美国人把搁浅的鲸鱼推入大海,这值得赞扬;鲸鱼被非洲难民捕食,这也应赞扬,因为它救活了一群人”,请说明这表达了G所长怎样的观点。  要求:简明、准确地阐释观点,不超过200字。

公安机关的基本职能是()。

A、民主职能和专政职能

B、社会秩序管理职能

C、打击敌人职能

D、服务社会职能

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