Passage1Lonely people, it seems, are at greater risk than the gregarious of developing illnesses associated with chronic inflammation, such as heart disease and certain cancers.A paper published last year in the Public Library of Science, Medicine, shows the effect on mortality of loneliness is comparable with that of smoking and drinking after examining the results of 148 previous studies and controlled for factors such as age and pre-existing illness.Steven Cole of the University of Califormia, Los Angeles, thinks he may know why this is so.He told the American Association for the Advancement of Science meeting in Washington,D.C., about his work studying the expression of genes in lonely people. Dr. Cole harvested samples of white blood cells from both lonely and gregarious people. He then analysed the activity of their genes, as measured by the production of a substance called messenger RNA. This molecule carries instructions from the genes telling a cell which proteins to make. The level of messenger RNA from most genes was the same in both types of people. There were several dozen genes, however, that were less active in the lonely, and several dozen others that were more active. Moreover, both the less active and the more active gene types came from a small number of functional groups.Broadly speaking, the genes less active in the lonely were those involved in staving off viral infections. Those that were more active were involved in protecting against bacteria. Dr. Cole suspects this could help explain not only why the lonely are iller, but how, in evolutionary terms, this odd state of affairs has come about.The crucial bit of the puzzle is that viruses have to be caught from another infected individual and they are usually species-specific. Bacteria, in contrast, often just lurk in the environment, and may thrive on many hosts. The gregarious are therefore at greater risk than the lonely of catching viruses, and Dr. Cole thus suggests that past evolution has created a mechanism which causes white cells to respond appropriately. Conversely, the lonely are better off ramping up their protection against bacterial infection, which is a bigger relative risk to them.What Dr. Cole seems to have revealed, then, is a mechanism by which social environment reaches inside a person's body and tweaks its genome so that it responds appropriately. It is not that the lonely and the gregarious are genetically different from each other. Rather, their genes are regulated differently, according to how sociable an individual is. Dr. Cole thinks this regulation is part of a wider mechanism that tunes individuals to the circumstances they find themselves in.What message does Dr.Cole seem to convey by the mechanism?
A、The lonely people differ in genes from the gregarious people.
B、Sociability can adjust a person's genome and make it work properly.
C、The lonely people can become sociable if they regulate their genes.
D、Individuals have to find their own ways to adapt to the environment.
火箭发射、同步卫星发射都选在晚间7~9点,这样做的原因可能是( )。
A、晚间天气条件好,风速低,有利于火箭发射
B、晚间气温低,有利于卫星保养和火箭的散热
C、当卫星到达同步定位点时,卫星自身的太阳能电池正好对准太阳,能保证太阳能向卫星持续供电
D、选在晚间发射隐蔽性强,不易被其它国家卫星或飞机侦察到
道德评价是职业道德建设中不可或缺的一项内容。下列属于道德评价原则的是( )。
A、防微杜渐
B、客观公正
C、积善成德
D、君子慎独
根据耶克斯一多德森定律,学生解决困难和复杂的任务时,哪种动机水平最有利?( )
A、中等偏下水平
B、中等水平
C、中等偏上水平
D、高水平
教学大纲侧重强调的是知识和技能目标,课程标准在关注知识和技能目标的同时,还关注学生学习的____、____。
Big waves turned _____ the boat, causing many people to fall into water.
A、up
B、down
C、in
D、over