Mention two factors that have made the shift from marital love to parental love.

如何理解儒学的能动性？

Part B (10 points)

In the following article, some sentences have been removed. For Questions 41-45, choose the most suitable one from the list A-G to fit into each of the numbered blanks. There are two extra choices, which do not fit in any of the blanks.

Long before man lived on the Earth, there were fishes, reptiles, birds, insects, and some mammals. Although some of these animals were ancestors of kinds living today, others are now extinct, that is, they have no descendants alive now. Nevertheless, we know a great deal about many of them because their bones and shells have been preserved in the rocks as fossils.

41.______That kind of rock in which the remains are found tells us much about the nature of the original land, often of the plants that grew on it, and even of its climate.

When an animal dies, the body, its bones, or shell, may often be carried away by streams into lakes or the sea and there get covered up by mud. If the animal lived in the sea its body would probably sink and be covered with mud. More and more mud would fall upon it until the bones or shell become embedded and preserved. 42．______Thus it follows that there must be many kinds of mammals, birds, and insects of which we know nothing,

43．______Later forms are more complex, and among these are the sea-lilies, relations of the star-fishes, which had long arms and were attached by a long stalk to the sea bed, or to rocks. There were also crab-like creatures, whose bodies were covered with a horny substance, The body segments each had two pairs of legs, one pair for walking on the sandy bottom, the other for swimming. The head was a kind of shield with a pair of compound eyes, often with thousands of lenses. They were usually an inch or two long but some were 2 feet.

The shellfish have a long history in the rock and many different kinds are known. Of these, the ammonites are very interesting and important. They have a shell composed of many chambers, each representing a temporary home of the animal. As the young grew larger it grew a new chamber and sealed off the previous one. Thousands of these can be seen in the rocks on the Dorset Coast.

The first animals with true backbones were fishes, first known in the rocks of 375 million years ago. About 300 million years ago the amphibians, the animals able to live both on land and in water, appeared. They were giant, sometimes 8 feet long, and many of them lived in the swampy pools in which our coal seam, or layer, formed. 44．__\_About 75 million years ago the Age of Reptiles was over and most of the groups died out. The mammals quickly developed, and we can trace the evolution of many familiar animals such as the elephant and horse. 45．___

[A] The best index fossils tend to be marine creatures. These animals evolved rapidly and spread over large areas of the world.

[B] The amphibians gave rise to the reptiles and for nearly 150 million years these were the principal forms of life on land, in the sea, and in the air.

[C] Many of the later mammals, though now extinct, were known to primitive man and were featured by him in cave paintings and on bone carvings.

[D] Nearly all of the fossils that we know were preserved in rocks formed by water action, and most of these are of animals that lived in or near water.

[E] The earliest animals whose remains have been found were all very simple kinds and lived in the sea.

[F] Many factors can influence how fossils are preserved in rocks. Remains of an organism may be replaced by minerals, dissolved by an acidic solution to leave only their impression, or simply reduced to a more stable form.

[G] From them we can tell their size and shape, how they walked, the kind of food they ate. Very occasiona

某消费者的效用函数为U=0.5+R2，其中U为效用，R为收益(千元)。他有10000元钱，如果存在银行里，年利率为2%；如果全部投资于股票，估计一年中有40%的概率获得8000元的投资收益，60%的概率损失5000元。

(1)该消费者是风险爱好者、风险厌恶者还是风险中性？

(2)他是否会选择投资股票？

(3)如果投资股票，他的效用是多少？

可见语言(visiblespeech)

某客户于2004年11月1日将10万元存入商业银行，选择2年期的整存整取定期存款。2005年11月1日由于急于购买住房需要资金，鉴于定期存款未到期支取将视同活期存款计算利息，导致损失一部分利息收入，因此，该客户决定不将存款取出，而是先向商业银行申请1年期贷款，贷款按季计息，然后待存款到期时归还。假设2004年11月份2年期定期存款利率为2.70%，2005年11月活期存款利率为0.72%，2005年11月份1年期贷款利率为5.58%。问题：在不考虑其他情况的条件下，上述决定是否合理？通过计算试阐述你的理由。