Being the boss might mean more money and challenging work but it can also cause damage to physical and mental well-being, according to a Canadian study. For years studies have shown people in lower-status jobs generally have higher rates of heart disease and other illnesses and die earlier than those in higher-status positions while job authority has shown no relationship with workers’ health. But University of Toronto researchers, using data from 1,800 US workers, found the health of people in higher positions is affected by work as they are more likely to report conflicts with co-workers and say work disturbs their home life. However, the positive aspects of having a power position at work, such as higher status, more pay and greater independence, seemed to cancel out the negative aspects when it came to people’s physical and psychological health. These latest findings, reported in the journal Social Science & Medicine, suggest that the advantages and disadvantages authority positions basically cancel each other out, giving the general impression that job authority has no health effects. For the study, the researchers surveyed participants about various aspects of their work, life and well-being. Job authority was judged based on whether a person managed other employees and had power over hiring, firing and pay. Physical health complaints included problems like headaches, body aches, heartburn and tiredness. Psychological complaints included sleep problems, difficulty concentrating and feelings of sadness, worry and anxiety. “This isn’t to suggest that having authority is ‘bad’—in fact, we show it has benefits ... but it is important to identify the negative sides and deal with them.” researcher Scott Schieman said.  Schieman said conflicts with co-workers or involvement of work into home life may destroy at physical and mental well-being by creating stress. “These are key stressors that can tax individuals’ ability to function effectively,” Schieman said.

Work will have a negative effect on job authority’s health probably because ______.

A. they are not fit for their work B. they have power over hiring and pay C. they are faced with severe competition D. they don’t get on well with their co-workers

Most people don’t see that bosses have health effects because ______.

A. their health problems are not serious enough to see B. they have enough money to keep themselves healthy C. their problems are quite different from those of workers  D. the advantages and disadvantages of their status work against each other

From the passage we can infer that the study aims to _____.

A. warn people not to be a boss for ever B. remind the boss to deal with the bad effects of their work C. show that having authority is harmful to one’s health D. prove that being a boss can benefit a lot 

The best title for this passage might be ________.

A. Lower-status can affect health          B. Authority can affect health C. Positive aspects of a power position      D. Disadvantages of being a boss

第二节 完形填空（共20小题；每小题1．5分，满分30分）
阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，然后从36～55各题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
A businesswoman got into a taxi in midtown. As it was the rush hour and she was in a  36__  to catch a train, she  37  a quick way to reach it. “I have been a taxi driver for 15 years!” the driver said  38  . “You don’t think I know the best way to go？”
The woman tried to explain that she hadn’t  39  to annoy him, but the driver kept  40  . She finally realized that he was too annoyed to be  41  , so she changed her  42 . “You know, you are right,” she told him. “It must seem  43  for me not to think you know the best way __44  the city.”
45  , the driver glanced at his  46  in the rearview mirror, turned down the street she wanted and got her to the train on time. “He didn’t say another word the rest of the ride,” she said, “  47  I got out and paid him. Then he thanked me.”
When you find yourself  48  with people like the taxi driver, you will always try to  __49_  your idea. It can lead to longer arguments, lose job chances or  50  marriages. I have discovered one simple  51  extremely unlikely method that can prevent the disagreement or other difficult situations from  52  in a disaster.
The  53  is to put yourself in the other person’s shoes and look for the  54 in what that person is saying. Find a way to  55  , and the result may surprise you.

下图表示人体和人体细胞内某些信息传递机制的模式图，图示中箭头表示信息传递的方向。下列有关叙述中，正确的是

[  ]

A．如果该图表示反射弧，则其中的信息是以局部电流的形式传导的B．如果该图中的a为下丘脑、b为垂体、c为甲状腺，则c分泌的甲状腺激素增加到一定程度后，对a分泌d、b分泌e具有抑制作用C．如果该图表示细胞中遗传信息传递过程，则d过程只可发生于细胞核内D．如果该图表示细胞免疫过程，则a为效应T细胞，b为靶细胞，c代表抗体

It’s Friday morning in the year of 2050, and you’re running late. You got distracted（分心) watching the music video that was playing in the corner of your bathroom mirror while you were brushing your teeth. How will you get to your office on time？ A quick check of your internet-connected refrigerator magnet tells your train, which travels at speeds up to 230 miles an hour, is a bit behind schedule, too. So you decide to drive your environmentally-friendly hydrogen fuel cell car instead, or rather, let your car drive you. It’s programmed to know the way, and it will get you there without speeding, getting lost, or crashing. Settling into your office chair, which changes colour to match what you’re wearing, you pick up yesterday morning’s newspaper. Printed on reusable electronic paper, it instantly rewrites itself with today’s headlines. Now it’s time for your big meeting. Uh-oh! You’ve left your handwritten notes at home. No problem. The digital ink pen you used has stored an electronic copy of what you wrote. Your wristwatch videophone suddenly rings. Your best friend’s face pops up on the organic light-emitting diode screen asking what you’re doing this weekend. “Will you slap on your 3-D contact lenses and play virtual soccer with the US Olympic team？” “No, no,” Your friend says, “I want to take the elevator which is made of microscopic fibers many times stronger than steel to get into space.” Could this scene really take place in just a couple of decades？ The researchers who are currently developing all this stuff think so. These gadgets（器械) may be as common in 20 years as cell phones and DVD players are today.

A. your office colour will change to that of what you’re wearing B. newspapers will go electronic   C. you usually go to work by car D. the digital ink pen makes writing so easy

A. it is safe, quick and comfortable     B. it is environmentally-friendly C. your train is late for some reason    D. you are too late to catch your train

A. Space tourism will be a reality.   C. Transportation will be trouble-free. B. Videophones will replace face-to-face communication. D. People will have more time to go in for their hobbies.

下图为吞噬细胞杀灭病菌的示意图，请回答：

（1)这种吞噬作用与细胞膜的___\_有密切关系，对病菌的这种吞噬清除作用属于______免疫。（2)有些毒性很强的细菌，经过上述过程还不能被清除，只是暴露出这种病原体特有的抗原，传递给T细胞或___\_，使之增殖、分化成_______。（3)当细菌在体液中活动时，会被相应的__\_消灭；当该菌体进入人体细胞内部时，则被相应的___\_消灭。以上过程统称为_________免疫。

   完形填空（共20小题，每小题1.5分，满分30分）
My son was badly hurt in a fire. After he  36 from a series of treatments, the doctors told him they would not do any operation for six months  37 it took long for the skin to stop shrinking. So, he had to return to college with a visible 10-inch  38 on his face.
I said to my son, “Keaton,  39 will pay any more attention to your scar  40 you do. If it does not bother you, it will not bother  41 .” He took my advice to heart and returned to school with his head  42 high — glad he was alive.
  43 , everyone has scars and shortcomings. Some of you may spend much time thinking that people  44 like you better, if you looked different, or dressed differently, or could have a different and newer  45 .
But you see, like Keaton’s scar, people will only judge you by your looks, or your  46 , or your car, if you are judging yourself by these same false  47 .
One of my friends in college was very  48 . At first, when people met him, they noticed his  49 for about 10 seconds. But this man felt good about himself and spent most of his time  50 about other people’s comfort and welfare.  51 , people ignored his looks. What people  52  was his kindness and his concern for them. He didn’t act in an ugly way so people didn’t  53 him an ugly man.
Therefore, concentrate on  54 you value with yourself, because if you can see that beautiful person, everyone you are in contact with will see the same  55 .
36．
A．cured       B．recovered       C．improved    D．returned
37．
A．because       B．though        C．until       D．before
38．
A．cut        B．wound       C．injure      D．scar
39．
A．none         B．anyone       C．everyone     D．no one
40．
A．as          B．like         C．than        D．when
41．
A．yet           B．still           C．too           D．either
42．
A．put         B．held         C．taken      D．hung
43．
A．After all      B．In conclusion  C．In fact        D．Above all
44．
A．will           B．would         C．can           D．may
45．
A．house       B．telephone     C．job        D．car
46．
A．clothes       B．hairstyle      C．figure      D．salary
47．
A．means      B．standards      C．comments     D．rules
48．
A．smart       B．optimistic     C．rude       D．ugly
49．
A．manners       B．expressions    C．looks      D．actions
50．
A．inquiring       B．asking         C．knowing        D．caring
51．
A．Completely    B．Gradually     C．Obviously     D．Suddenly
52．
A．wanted       B．understood     C．brought     D．saw
53．
A．regard         B．look           C．consider        D．treat
54．
A．what          B．that           C．which         D．how
55．
A．kindness        B．concern        C．beauty         D．perfection