**观书有感二首**朱熹**一**半亩方塘一鉴①开，天光云影共徘徊。问渠②哪得清如许，为有源头活水来。**二**昨夜江边春水生，艨艟③巨舰一毛轻。向来枉费推移力，此日中流自在行。

注：①鉴：镜子。②渠；代词，它，指方塘。③艨艟，古代的一种战船。1．下面对两首诗内容的分析理解，不正确的一项是：

[  ]

A．第一首诗的一二句动与静巧妙相融，“鉴”字写出“半亩方塘”的澄澈明净，“徘徊”写出天光云影的闪耀浮动，一幅令人赏心悦目的画面跃然纸上。B．第一首诗的三四句颇蕴“理趣”——是那永不枯竭的“源头”，源源不断地送来“活水”，才使“方塘”变得清澈如镜，才有了倒映天光云影的美丽。C．第二首诗写一夜春水暴涨之后，原来因江水枯竭而行进艰难的“艨艟巨舰”就轻如羽毛，在江面上行驶自如了。D．两首诗中寓含哲理，前一首强调只有不断从书中汲取精神营养，人的心智才能永远充盈澄澈；后一首强调读书只有讲究方法，才能不白费力气。2．两首诗写法上的相同点是什么？试分析采用这种写法的好处。　____________________________

B
Canadian scientists have found that the more emotional or mental challenges a person faces in a day, the less determined they become to work out physically.
However, the findings should not stop us from keeping fit. Experts believe that willpower （意志力)is like a muscle ， and needs to be exercised to help one avoid the temptation （诱惑)spending a night on the couch instead.
Kathleen Martin 一 Ginis, a professor of kinesiology 一 the science of movement 一 who led the study, says everyone has a limited amount of willpower, and that it will be reduced by stress. Miss Martin 一 Ginis, of Canada' s McMaster University, explains, "Cognitive （认知的)tasks, as well as tasks such as regulating （调整)one' s emotions, can reduce one' s capacity to force oneself to exercise."
Her team of scientists performed a so — called " Stroop" test on volunteers to reach their conclusions. The experiment involved showing participants words associated with colors but printed in different colors - for example ， the word " blue " written in red ink . ' Participants were divided into two groups. One group was asked to name the color of the ink ， instead to say the printed word ， while the other wasn't Martin ― Ginis says ， " After we used this cognitive task to use up their self 一 regulatory capacity, the participants didn't exercise as hard as those who had not performed the task. ，， The more people concentrated on the cognitive task ， the more likely they were to skip exer­cise sessions （活动时间)over the next eight week. You only have so much willpower .
However, there are ways to strengthen willpower. The study found the listening to music before going to the gym can help, as well as making a commitment to work out with friends. It also concluded that willpower can be stretched by constantly cake ， or forcing oneself to study an extra hour each night.
Martin - Ginis adds, "There are strategies people can use to help revitalize （使恢复活动) themselves after they’ve used up their self 一 regulation. Willpower is like a muscle ： it needs to be used to stay strong.
61.According to the experts, human willpower   .
A.can be exercised through muscle movement
B.can regulate itself to resist temptations
C.is weakened by stressful cognitive or emotional tasks
D.is reduced by lack of physical exercise.
62.We learn from Paragraph 4 that the experiment    .
A.made use of the Stroop test
B.asked one group of participants to name the words
C.required researchers to write the word "blue" in red ink to make it easily recognizable.
D.showed that those who hadn't performed the task were smarter than those who had
63.All the following are ways to strengthen one's willpower EXCEPT____
A.listening to music before doing exercise
B.promising to work out with friends
C.training oneself repeatedly to resist temptations
D.forcing oneself to do the same thing each day
64.Which of the following is in agreement with Miss Martin ― Ginis' idea？
A.Human's willpower is limited to a certain level
B.The cognitive tasks could make people ignore exercise
C.Challenging tasks could make people ignore exercise
D.Exercise is an important way to strengthen one's willpower.
65.What can we infer from the passage？
A.Willpower can be challenged to become powerful.
B.McMaster University is famous for its kinesiology.
C.Effective ways to resist temptations have been found.
D.the study has an impact on the science of movement.

III阅读（共两节，满分40分） 第一节 阅读理解（共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分） 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。 A As summer comes near, many children are really happy to forget about school for a few months. However, studies have found that children typically forget between one and three months’ worth of school learning during the summer months. Spelling and math abilities suffer the most, while reading is not really influenced by the time off. The most probable reason for this is that most children read at least occasionally outside of the classroom, whether newspapers, magazines, books, or video game guides. However, their math and spelling skills only get exercised in the school setting. The original purpose of summer vacations was to let farm children have time off to help work in the fields in the high growing season, but this reason is no longer valid since fewer kids actually work on farms today. Some cities in the United States, such as Los Angeles, have moved to a year-round school calendar, which may help reduce the academic decline that occurs during the long summer vacation. Most cities still use the normal nine and a half-month calendars. To improve skills and to maintain a good level of preparation, experts recommend trips to museums, summer camps, and visits to libraries to keep kids mentally active and interested throughout the summer. There are other educational systems that provide vacations while still keeping students’ skills sharp（敏锐的). For example, in Japan students attend class for seven weeks continuously, followed by two weeks of vacation. This continues throughout the year. In Italy, students attend class six days per week, but finish at 1:30 PM each day, so that school does not dominate their life the way that it does in America. Educational specialists fear that the three-month summer vacation stops the continuity of learning. Just as students become accustomed to new concepts in reading, writing, or critical thinking skills, they “shut down” for an extended period. When they go back to school after the long summer vacation, they take up to two months to return to their previous level of understanding. And so the debate continues: whether to continue the present vacations or to seek changes.

A. take the summer vacation too seriously B. do little work of math or spelling C. don’t like spelling and math D. have to help work in the fields

A. Students read in summer vacations. B. Nowadays no children work on farm in summer vacations. C. The United States has cancelled summer vacations. D. The nine and a half-month calendars help improve skills.

A. They provide students with shorter vacations every year. B. The students have more free time of their own to play. C. They offer vacations without affecting students’ skills. D. The students attend classes for longer time every week.

A. Stop learning.          B. Get sick. C. Go on vacation.     D. Concentrate on their studies.

A. How to Spend Summer Vacations. B. No More Summer Vacations. C. Summer Vacations: Change or Not D. New Educational Systems Needed

**舟行青溪道中入歙**（宋）方回蕨拳欲动苕抽芽，节近清明路近家。五日缓行三百里，夹溪随处有桃花。

【注】蕨拳，指蕨芽，其端卷曲，状如小儿拳头。（1）第一句中“欲动”二字有何妙处？请简要分析。　_____________________________（2）结尾两句表达了作者怎样的思想感情？　_____________________________

（B) We’re not suggesting that you should reach a permanent state called “happiness” and remain there. But there are many ways to keep away from anxiety, anger, frustration and sadness. Here are some ideas to get you started. Choose the ones that work for you. Practice mindfulness. Focus on the present. Instead of worrying about what you should do tomorrow while you’re having dinner with your family, focus on the here and now—the food, your families, the conversation. Sing along. Studies fine music activates parts of the brain that produce happiness. In one study, older adults who listened to their choice of music during eye surgery had significantly lower heart rate and blood pressure than those who had silent surgery. Go to sleep. We have become a nation of sleep-deprived citizens. Taking a daily nap or getting into bed at 8 p.m. at night with a good book and turning the light out an hour later can do more for your mood than any number of bubble baths or massages. Make a list. There’s nothing like writing down your tasks to help you organize your thoughts and calm your anxiety. Checking off each item provides a great sense of fulfillment. Visit a quiet place. Libraries, museums, gardens, and places of worship（礼拜场所) provide islands of peace and calm in today’s world. Find a quiet place near your house and make it your secret getaway. Volunteer. Helping others enables you to put your own problems into perspective（客观判断力) and also provides social interaction. While happy people are more likely to help others, helping others increases your happiness. One study found that volunteer work enhanced all four aspects of well-being: happiness, life satisfaction, self-esteem and sense of control over life.

A. Staying with your family.             B. Having a lot of money. C. Having enough sleep.                D. Travelling.

A. taking a nap when having surgery       B. finding a quiet place to perform surgery C. keeping quiet when having surgery      D. listening to music when having surgery

A. encourage    B. satisfy     C. improve    D. change

A. libraries     B. churches   C. supermarkets   D. gardens

A. Because it’s a good way to relax. B. Because happy people are more likely to help others. C. Because it enable you to see your own problems clearly. D. Because it can enhance your health. 

**秋夜独坐（节选） **王维独坐悲双鬓，空堂欲二更。雨中山果落，灯下草虫鸣。 

**夜深**周弼虚堂人静不闻更，独坐书床对夜灯。门外不知春雪霁，半峰残月一溪冰。（1）两诗中均写了夜景，又有所不同。请具体说明。

　_____________________________（2）两诗中均有“独坐”，而作者心境不同，试简要分析。　_____________________________