&8226;Read the text below about Nike.
&8226;For each question 31—40, write one word in CAPITAL LETTERS
Eliminating Sweatshops at Nike: Just De it!
Over the past decade, Nike has been one of the most profitable companies in the United States. However, at a time when the company's spokesperson, Michael Jordan, was bringing in over $10 million, the young, mostly women workers in its Indonesian plants were taking home only $ 2.23 a day. (31) , working conditions in Nike's Serang plant, 50 miles west of Jakarta, were far from ideal. Hundreds of workers, some children, were crowded into vast sheds where they glued, stitched, pressed, and boxed 70 million pairs of (32) a year. Collusion between local management and government made organizing workers into unions both difficult and dangerous, and the high level of unemployment left workers powerless. Taken together, these labor practices helped keep cost so low and quality so high that a pair of running shoes that (33) for $75 retail in the United States cost just $18.25 to manufacture.
With this type of cost and price structure, it is easy to see how Nike became so profitable. However, the ability to sustain these practices became an issue in 1996 when the U.S. media exposed these sweatshop conditions. As consumers became increasingly aware of (34) their sneakers were actually being made, some felt guilty, and human rights groups went so far (35) to organize boycotts of Nike products. Given the damage to Nike's image and future profitability, something had to be done.
At first, Nike CEO Phillip Knight defended his operations, noting that Nike pays its workers no (36) than its rivals do and that these workers make more than minimum wage in the host countries. Critics countered that the level of pay was (37) the subsistence level and much lower than what is paid by other U.S. companies such as Coco-Cola, Gillette, and Goodyear.
To end this image problem (38) and for all, on May 12, 1998, Knight pledged to (a) raise the minimum worker age requirement, (b) adopt U. S.-style. safety and health standards, and (c) allow human rights groups to help monitor working conditions in all foreign plants. He again showed his commitment to reform. six months later (39) raising wages 22 percent to offset the currency devaluation that rocked Indonesia in the fall of 1998. Knight used both occasions to challenge his competitors to do the same, realizing that their failure to do so would put Nike at a competitive disadvantage. Although it is currently unclear how these (40) will respond, it is obvious that Nike is at least trying to establish its image as a trend setter in both footwear and working conditions in international locations.
(30)
When we arrived, there was a smell of cooking (come) ______from the kitchen.
Some consumer researchers distinguish (1) "rational" motives and "emotional" (or "non-rational") motives. They use the term "rationality" (2) the traditional economic sense that assumes (3) consumers behave rationally when they carefully consider all alternatives (4) choose those that give them the greatest utility (i.e., satisfaction). (5) a marketing context, the term "rationality" implies that the consumer selects goods based (6) totally objective criteria, such (7) size, weight, price, and so on. "Emotional" motives imply the selection of goods (8) to personal or subjective criteria—the desire (9) individuality, pride, fear, affection or status.
The assumption underlying this distinction is (10) subjective or emotional criteria do not maximize utility or satisfaction. (11) , it is reasonable to assume that consumers always attempt to select alternatives that, (12) their view, serve to maximize satisfaction. Obviously, the assessment of satisfaction is a very personal process, based (13) the individual's own needs as (14) as on past behavioral, social, and learning experiences. What may appear (15) irrational to an outside observer may be perfectly rational (16) the context of the consumer's own psychological field. For example, a product purchased to enhance one's self-image (such as a fragrance) is a perfectly rational form. of consumer behavior. (17) behavior. did not appear rational to the person who undertakes it (18) the time that it is undertaken, obviously he or she would not do it. (19) the distinction between rational and emotional motives does not appear to be warranted.
Some researchers go so far (20) to suggest that emphasis (21) "needs" obscures the rational, or conscious, nature of most consumer motivation. They claim that consumers act consciously (22) maximize their gains and minimize their losses; that they act not (23) subconscious drives but from rational preferences, (24) what they perceive to be (25) their own best interests.
(51)
As far as my knowledge is concerned, the following ways are ________(对我帮助很大).
In the course of my schooling. I will never forget ________(所遇到的大困难)in learning English.
A one-hour body scrub and massage in Banyan Tree may cost __ .