The changes in language will continue forever, but no one knows sure 【M1】__
who does the changing. One possibility is that children are responsible. A
professor of linguistic at the University of Hawaii, explores this in one of his 【M2】__
recent books. Sometimes around 1880, a language catastrophe occurred in 【M3】__
Hawaii when thousands of emigrant workers were brought to the islands to 【M4】__
work for the new sugar industry. These people speaking different languages
were unable to communicate with each other or with the native Hawaiians or
the dominant English-speaking owners of the plantations. So they first spoke
in Pidgin English-- the sort of thing such mixed language populations have 【M5】__
always done. A pidgin is not really a language at all. It is more like a set of
verbal signals used to name objects and without the grammatical rules needed
for expressing thoughts and ideas. And then, within a single generation, the 【M6】__
whole mass of mixed people began speaking a totally new tongue: Hawaiian 【M7】__
Creole. The new speech was contained ready-made words borrowed from all 【M8】__
the original tongues, but beared little or no resemblance to the predecessors in 【M9】__
the rules used for stringing the words together. Although generally regarded as 【M10】__
primitive language, Hawaiian Creole had a highly sophisticated grammar.
【M1】
SECTION B ENGLISH TO CHINESE
Directions: Translate the following text into Chinese.
The image of van Gogh as a disturbed and forsaken artist is so strong that one easily reads it back into his childhood and adolescence. But if van Gogh had died at age of twenty, no one would have connected him with failure or mental illness. Instead he would have been remembered by those close to him as a competent and dutiful son with a promising career in the family art-detailing business. He was, in fact, poised to surpass his father and to come closer to living up to the much-esteemed van Gogh name .
The van Goghs were an old and distinguished Dutch family who could trace their lineage in Holland back to the sixteenth century. Among Vincent's five uncles, one reached the highest rank of vice-admiral in the Navy and three others prospered as successful art dealers. Van Gogh's grandfather. also named Vincent, had attained an equally illustrious status as an intellectually accomplished Protestant minister. The comparatively modest achievements of the artist's father, Theodorus, proved the exception, not the rule. Although Theodorus was the only one of grandfather Vincent's six sons to follow him into the ministry, he faltered as a preacher and could obtain only modest positions in provincial churches.
Some British supermarket companies are asking their warehouse
workers to wear small computers, calling "electronic tags". The 【M1】__
companies say that these tags will to help them to reduce costs 【M2】__
and increase the efficient delivery of goods and food to stores.
The system uses American satellite and radio technology
send messages to the workers. In a report Professor Blakemore 【M3】__
from the University of Durham said that the use of
these tags is making some workplaces more like prisons. 【M4】__
The technology arrived from the US at the start of the year
and more and more companies are using it. Almost 10,000
employees are using it to supply good to well-known British 【M5】__
supermarkets. Trade unionists representing workers are
worried that companies could use the technology to check
what workers are doing work. They are asking for special 【M6】__
measures to make sure that this does not happen.
Under the system, workers have to wore computers on 【M7】__
their wrists, arms and fingers, and sometimes they have to wear a
special vest contained a computer that instructs them 【M8】__
where go to collect goods from warehouse shelves. 【M9】__
The system also allowed the store to send orders to workers' computers. 【M10】__
【M1】
A：我是新华社的记者。请问，作为乌干达的财政、计划与经济发展部的部长，您认为乌中两国的经济合作基础如何？
B：Uganda is the fifth largest coffee producer in the world and its coffee sector earns almost 60 percent of the country's total foreign exchange revenue．China has a population of 1.3 billion．If each of them drinks a cup of Uganda's coffee in a month，my country's economy will be boosted greatly．
A：那么乌中在咖啡贸易方面已经有了哪些举措？
B：One month ago，a Ugandan company signed a contract with a Chinese company to set up a coffee shop in Beijing．Both sides agreed that if initial cooperation is successful，they will set up joint ventures to undertake both coffee production and processing in Uganda．
A：乌中两国之间的经济合作，除了咖啡之外，还有别的领域可以合作的吗？
B：Besides the coffee industry，there are many other fields in which Uganda and China can cooperate，such as agriculture，mining，manufacturing，infrastructure，tourism and so on．China's technology in some fields is suitable for Uganda's conditions，for instance， its agriculture machinery can serve very well Uganda's agriculture sector．The medium-and small-sized tractors made in China can also be used here for land cultivation and transportation.
A：您好像很强调两国之间在农业方面的合作，能否谈谈乌干达的农业发展情况？
B：Agriculture is the mainstay of Uganda's economy，which contributes 45 percent of the country's gross domestic product and 80 percent of its export revenue. However, only 8 million out of 40 million hectares of the arable land in the country have been cultivated so far. If China can help us cultivate 20 million hectares of the arable land, Uganda's economy would stride forward by big steps.
A：在合作方面，乌干达招商引资的条件和其他相关情况如何？
B: On foreign investment in this country, Uganda is indeed a promising country to attract more investors who target Africa as their investment location. Uganda, located in East Africa, has become a bridge linking with Central Africa. In this region, there are some of Africa's most economically stable and important countries. This location, at the heart of sub-Saharan Africa, gives Uganda commanding importance as a base for regional trade and investment. After years of economic reform, the country has achieved macroeconomic stability characterized by low inflation, stable exchange rates and consistently high economic growth. Uganda currently ranks as the fastest growing economy in sub-Saharan Africa. Official statistics show that actual investment in Uganda's agro- processing, manufacturing, energy, tourism, fisheries and many others have reached over 2 billion US dollars in the recent decade.
SECTION A CHINESE TO ENGLISH
Directions: Translate the following text into English.
①窗前挂着一串淡紫色的风铃，仿佛也和我拥有着同样的寂寞，似乎已经忘记了它在夏季中怎样歌唱。②在此时，一个冷冷的冬季，留下寂寞的风铃，在窗前苦苦等待。③难道，风儿真的也把它的友伴遗忘了吗？④可是，分明听见风儿在空中无奈地呼唤，有力拍打着窗棂，却没有一点点回响。⑤我突然想到，是窗把它们隔开了。”⑥于是，我打开窗户，风儿涌了进来，那静默已久的风铃，发出“叮叮咚咚”的音，仿佛有和友伴诉不完的思念和话语。
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