SECTION B ENGLISH TO CHINESE

Directions: Translate the following text into Chinese.

Museums are, like everything else, products of history. They have all changed a great deal over time and can change again. They need to. Museums spring, essentially, from the Enlightenment. The British Museum was founded in 1753, a century-and-a-half after Galileo, but a hundred years before Darwin. The rapidly accumulating collections in the world' s first public museums were a by-product of the birth of modern science, when researchers made discoveries by building collections—a devil's toenail, for example, entered museums as an object of wonder only later to be re-labeled as the fossil of an extinct oyster.

In our post-Enlightenment age, the visible world has lost much of its mystery (which is perhaps why we care so little for it). Collecting is no longer a key method of research. Nor might so many people have visited museums in the past if they had been able to hop on a plane to see a kangaroo for themselves, or buy a book of color reproductions of Japanese prints, or watch, from the comfort of a couch, a computer simulation of a dinosaur sinking its teeth into its latest victim. Hence museum curators cannot go on running their museums as if the world hasn't changed. Yet many operate as if the last eddies of the Enlightenment still lapped through their galleries and stores.

Take good care of yourself and ____ (远离) bad books.

PART 2

Describe something you would like to learn.

You should say:

what you would like to learn

how you would learn it

when and where you would learn it

and explain why you would like to learn this.

You will have to talk about the topic for one to two minutes.

You will have one minute to think about what you're going to say.

You can make some notes to help you if you wish.

The desire to use language as a sign of national identity

is a very natural one, and in result language has played a 【B1】 __

prominent part in national moves. Men have often felt the 【B2】 __

need to cultivate a given language to show that they are

distinctive from another race whose hegemony they resent. 【B3】 __

At the time the United States split off from Britain, for 【B4】 __

example, there were proposals that independence should be

linguistically accepted by the use of a different language from 【B5】 __

those of Britain. There was even one proposal that Americans 【B6】 __

should adopt Hebrew. Others favoured the adoption of

Greek, though, as one man put it, things would certainly be

simpler for Americans if they stuck on to English and made 【B7】 __

the British learn Greek. At the end, as everyone knows, the 【B8】 __

two countries adopted the practical and satisfactory solution

of carrying with the same language as before. 【B9】 __

Since nearly two hundred years now, they have shown 【B10】 __

the world that political independence and national identity

can be complete without sacrificing the enormous mutual

advantages of a common language.

【B1】

The culture of any society is usually thought to be of two kinds: material and nonmaterial. Material culture includes the man-made phenomena which have physical properties such as height, breadth, and weight. A boat, a machine, a house — all these objects are part of the material culture. The nonmaterial culture is that portion of the environment which surrounds man and which has an impact on his behavior. but which lacks these material properties: values, beliefs, traditions, and all the other habits and ideas invented and acquired by man as a member of society.

Contemporary sociological theory tends to assign primary importance to the nonmaterial culture in choosing problems for study. It assumes, for example, that boats, planes, automobiles, and so forth, are not nearly so important as the traditions we have developed which make their manufacture possible — indeed, which prescribe how we are to use them. The emphasis of contemporary sociology is to insist that the material culture would not exist had not the nonmaterial culture first been available to suggest the ideas which are embodied in the inventions of material culture.

听力原文：Although the engineers could not be certain that the new plan would work, it seemed like a good solution to the problem, at least on paper.

(54)